Constitutional powers of the president Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Constitutional powers of the president - Essay Example Mr. Howard points out that the president is the commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and militia of several States, the president is also given the power to require in writing the opinion of principal officer in each of the executive departments on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices. The author also argues that the president enjoys the powers to grant Reprieves and Pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. Nevertheless, he asserts that the president is the military's commander-in-chief; but the constitution gives Congress and not the President the authority to declare war. "The President may exercise several powers with the advice and consent of the Senate. He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law"Mr Howard (2007). The author argues that according to the constitution of US the President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting appointments which are supposed t

Midterm Essay Essay Example for Free

Midterm Essay Essay As a ruler in the Warring States period, my kingdom’s survival has the utmost importance. Therefore, choosing a philosophy to base my government upon is a crucial decision. Legalism, Confucianism, Mohism, and Daoism are all great philosophies but for my state, I choose to implement Legalism. Legalism supports a rigid system based on publicized laws that deals out punishments and rewards accordingly. Legalism also emphasis an adherence to laws and customs, obedience to the ruler and receiving influential positions based on merit. Legalism as a national strategy of governance is crucial in times of chaos and constant fighting. For my  kingdom I demand absolute obedience from my subjects. I want officials who are qualified by my side to help me make important decisions. I do not want a government full of family members and friends who do not have the credentials for the position. Also I believe everyone should be punished according to the law and there should be no special treatments for the nobles. Everyone is equal under the law in my state. I want to conquer neighboring lands and become the ruler of a unified China. Legalist ideas support my goals for conquest, wealth and a well- functioning government and that is why I choose to implement Legalism in my state. The main ideas of Legalism are to lengthen the rule of the ruler. To further the interest of the ruler, a ruler’s adoption of the Legalism was associated with a tight control of society. Secondly, Legalism emphasized the usage of incentives to govern. Thirdly, Legalism emphasized the usage of institutions in inducing desired behavior because the Legalists believed human nature was inherently bad. As an individual could not be trusted, Legalists paid much attention to the design of institutions to prevent undesirable things from happening. Fourth, in terms of foreign relations, the Legalism school encouraged the building of a strong army. For rulers trying to survive the competition among states, Legalism is more practical and can be implemented more easily than other schools of thought during the Warring State period. 1 For my state, I would employ Han FeiZi’s form of Legalism. His ideas are centered on a COMBINATION OF â€Å"FA † ? (LAW), â€Å"SHU ? † (METHOD) AND â€Å"SHI ? † (POWER). BEFORE HAN FEIZI, LEGALIST PHILOSOPHERS SUCH AS SHANG YANG ONLY STRESSED ON FA ? , SHEN BUHAI ONLY STRESSED ON â€Å"SHU ? †, WHILE SHEN DAOQIANG ONLY STRESSED ON â€Å"SHI ? †. 2 HAN FEIZI BELIEVED THAT â€Å"FA †? , â€Å"SHU ?† and â€Å"Shi ? † should all be implemented together. If only â€Å"Shu ? † is taken into practice and â€Å"FA † ? IS NEGLECTED, PEOPLE HAVE NO REASON TO FOLLOW THE LAW. IF â€Å"FA † ? IS BEING IMPLEMENTED then this can bring the state wealth and power but without â€Å"Shu ? † the regime will not be able to maintain its ruling and without â€Å"Shi ? †, a ruler will not be able to exercise order or rule efficiently. Therefore it is important to implement all three ideas together to bring peace and stability to the kingdom. â€Å"FA † ? (LAW) In Legalism, law is used as a standard for judgment on whether a certain behavior is appropriate, inappropriate, right or wrong. Thus, all human behavior has to be confined within the boundaries set forth by the law. A Legalist type of law does not recognize the people’s needs but instead, everyone’s needs and interests will be based according to the standard of law. Legalism also stresses the importance publicizing laws so people can know and follow them. This will bring order and justice to the state. In a Legalist state everyone is equal before the law and the system 1 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. Print 2 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. Print of â€Å"rewards and punishments† does not care about social status, family background but instead deals out punishments and rewards accordingly. Those who contribute to the state will be rewarded, while those who violate the law will be punished. 3 â€Å"Shu ? † (Method) Shu is a bureaucratic model of administration to aid the ruler and help prevent corruption and incompetence. It is also a political method or tactic used by a ruler to effectively control officials and subjects. Han FeiZi believed that a ruler must utilize â€Å"Shu ? †in order to identify loyal officials from disloyal subjects. This will help the ruler consolidate power and strength in order to control his subjects effectively Han FeiZi urged rulers to control officials and subjects by the two â€Å"handles† of punishment and favor. 4 An official’s accomplishments must neither be greater than nor less than their assigned duties. A minster is always held accountable for his and his subordinate’s actions. Also the ruler must not allow people to know his thoughts and should be suspicious of everyone. In doing so, the ruler can prevent takeovers and rebellions for his  position. 5 â€Å"Shi ? † (Power) 3 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 4 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print 5 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. In Legalism, power is an important part of governance. If a ruler does not wield any power then the law becomes a superficial notion and method will be useless. In order to ruler over a kingdom, the leader has to possess power. In Legalism, power should be employed within the confines of law in order to maximize its usage. If the law is ignored in order to exercise power, then this kind of power can easily lead to chaos and turmoil. Power is not inherently good or evil but the person who wields it can be a moral or immoral person. It is important to employ â€Å"FA † ? AND â€Å"SHI ? † TOGETHER BECAUSE IF A RULER HAS NO POWER THEN THE LAW CANNOT BE ENFORCED which makes a superficial ruler but if one has power but is not constrained by law, this can lead to an abuse of power that can bring harm to society. 6 BY EMPLOYING ALL THREE TENANTS OF â€Å"FA †? , â€Å"SHU ? †AND â€Å"SHI ? †, LEGALISM CAN BRING STABILITY AND peace to my state. I would employ Legalism in my state because it can help expand the population of my kingdom by uniting the warring factions and states under my control. According to Legalist ideals hereditary titles must be abolished and only those who have merit should hold government positions. This means I should not employ family members and friends because they can influence my decisions on a personal level. This can eliminate corruption and  cronyism from my kingdom. 7 Next by creating strict laws for the citizens to follow will foster obedience through punishments and favors. 8 According to Legalist scholars, to expand my state’s population I should also focus on agriculture and the military which will to a surplus of food and 6 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 7 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Print. 197. 8 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Print. 196 help create stronger warriors. This will allow for more conquests and military campaigns. By investing state resources into agriculture, famines can be prevented and populations will grow. 9 Also a mandatory military service for a short time will help my kingdom fight against the barbarians from the west. 10. Finally, increasing the military can also prevent invasions and help my state conquer lands, thus leading to an increase in population as well. Another reason I would employ Legalism because it can also help increase the wealth in my state. The increase in food will help increase trade of agricultural products like millet and wheat as well as other products like plums, apricots, dates, melons, persimmons, beef and pork. Through military conquests an increase of natural resources, tax revenue and workers will help strength the state economy. Lastly, the creation of strict laws with emphasis on collective responsibility will help prevent people from violating the laws. Other philosophies have merits that could help me govern my state. The main ideas of Confucianism are to establish a harmonic society, rather than to promote the interests of the ruler. Second, the Confucianism school does not encourage the usage of material incentives and opposed the usage of severe punishments to rule. To motivate individual behavior, moral obligations were emphasized. 11 Third, the Confucianism school did not value institutions in inducing desirable behavior and that human nature is inherently good. Fourth, in terms of foreign relations, Confucianism discouraged a state’s invasion of other states. Confucianism argued that 9 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. 52. 10 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. 40. 11 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print by following the guidance of li, a humane ruler would induce residents in other states to accept the rule of the humane ruler voluntarily. Relying on military force as a defense would be inferior  and would be unnecessary for a state. 12 To expand the population of my state, Confucianism recommends cultivating goodness (ren) as well as maintaining ritual propriety (li) so I become the most righteous ruler in the land. When a ruler is righteous, his subjects perform righteous tasks down to the common man and people from other lands shall visit my state. 13 This would increase my kingdom’s population. To increase the wealth of my state, Confucian scholars would recommend returning to the traditional Zhou tax system of the 10% tithe. 14 This will allow farmers to have enough grain to  reduce famines and allow more trade to be conducted when there is an excess of products. Confucians would not endorse a state that seeks profit over goodness because goodness (ren) is more desirable for a Confucian gentleman (junzi). When a ruler decides that profit is worth more than virtues, his subjects begin to look for profits as well and ignore virtues, thus leading to gradual corruption within the state. 15 I would not employ Confucianism in my state because while cultivating goodness and being a gentleman is an honorable task, I am only interested in 12 Slingerland, Edward Gilman. â€Å"Kongzi (Confucius) ‘The Analects. ’† In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, 1-58. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 2005. Print. 13 Slingerland, Edward Gilman. â€Å"Kongzi (Confucius) ‘The Analects. ’† In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy, 1-58. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. 2005. Print. 14 Slingerland, Edward Gilman,† Kongzi (Confucius) ‘The Analects. † In Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. 1-58. Indianapolis, IH: Hackett Publishing Company Inc. 2005. Print 15 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 115. Print. increasing my kingdom’s wealth, population and status. Legalist scholars say it would be hard to reduce the tax to 10% and should be kept at a 20% tithe in order to have enough currency and supplies to supply a growing army. Also the selection of government officials through recommendations valued by Confucianism led to high level of corruption. High positions of the government were monopolized by individuals with strong family backgrounds and capable individuals with weak family backgrounds could not get high rank positions. 16 To reduce  corruption in my kingdom, I should abolish hereditary titles and promote through merit so there would be fairness in my government and less bribery and dishonesty. 17 Another philosophy that has gained momentum and fame is Daoism. Daoism is centered on the ideas of wu (emptiness) and wuwei (non-doing). It also places importance on Yin and Yang. Daoism promotes the idea that material items will not satisfy a person’s soul, leading to lifelong emptiness and competition. 18 Daoism also endorses the idea of non-doing but this does not mean to do nothing at all. It simply means that we must not interfere with the natural course of things. The practice of non-action will lead to spiritual harmony with the Tao. Daoism explains the true path to happiness is to throw away all desires so people will not become selfish or corrupt, throw away concepts of justice and morality so people will do the right thing and throw away profit so people will not become thieves. 19 16 17 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 197. Print. 18 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print 19 Laozi, and Jonathan Star. Tao Te Ching: The New Translation from Tao Te Ching: The Definitive Edition. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, 2008. Print. Daoist ideas would not help me achieve my goals of increases in population, wealth or uniting the warring states under my control. Daoist scholars would argue that the population does not need to be bigger than it already is. The sage Laozi has said that a state should be small and the people few so that they will have fewer ambitions and acquire less wealth, keeping them happy without the excess of material possessions. 20 Daoist’s would also be against increasing state wealth because in doing so, it will tempt people with desires of wealth and that will lead to corruption in the state. 21 Daoist scholars would encourage me to do nothing and allow things to go their way naturally which is the concept of wuwei. Daoism would be against war and trying to unify the states under my rule. I would not employ Daoism because it does not help me achieve my goals of a great kingdom. I want to go on war campaigns to conquer lands and have control over my kingdom. Allowing people freedom to do whatever they want will lead of instability and  I cannot have that in my state. In times of turmoil, it is a foolish thing to try and bring peace by doing nothing. Other states will invade my kingdom if any signs of weakness show. It is better to strengthen the people with military training and values so that they can protect their homes and the state from barbarians, and invading armies. 22 This is why I would not employ the use of Daoism in my kingdom. The last school of thought I considered employing in my kingdom is Mohism. Mohists are the main rivals to Confucians in promoting a way of life centered on moral teachings. 20 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 94 Print. 21 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 80 Print. 22 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 52. Print. Mohists rejected rituals and music that is central to Confucian beliefs, seeing them as wasteful and pointless. Mohists endorsed moral practices that promote the welfare of all. Mohists sought a way to restore order (zhi) to human society. 23 The Mohists saw people as naturally good, and thus concerned about their family and community, and generally ? committed to doing what they take to be morally right. But if people fail to distinguish right from wrong properly because of a lack of proper education and political leadership, conflicts will arise, leading to disorder. 24 To prevent disorder Mohists want everyone to follow a unified moral code. Ideally, this project would be carried out through a government administered by wise, virtuous leaders, who at each level of  the state hierarchy would teach everyone to draw moral distinctions in the same way. This way everyone would have the same moral standards and conduct themselves in similar ways by knowing what is right or wrong. 25 To accomplish my goals in attaining wealth and population increases, Mohists scholars would want to promote officials by merit as well and would want to eliminate the rites that Confucians endorse. If I employ the able and worthy, my kingdom will attract virtuous people. 26 Mohists would not want to engage in wars, but would extend the concept of universal love (jian 23 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 24 Ivanhoe, P. J. , and Van Norden Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges, 2001. 323. Print 25 Mo, Di, Xunzi, Fei Han, and Burton Watson. Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hs? n Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. New York: Columbia UP, 1967. Print. 26 De Bary, WilliamTheodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 67. Print. ai). 27 Mohists believe if a noble king rules by partiality and is malevolent towards his neighboring states; other states will want to destroy his kingdom. If however, he rules by universality and is benevolent towards the other states, then other states will hold him in high regard. I would not employ Mohism in my state because I do not care about universal love or benevolence or morality. My goals for the kingdom are purely political and economic based. I want to be remembered in history for being the ruler of the strongest, largest and most wealthy state. During times of turmoil a strong military and cunningness is needed in order overcome the other states. 28  Legalism is the best choice for my state because it promotes a highly structured society. This can prevent instability and internal conflicts. Also by promoting a system of government based on merit, it eliminates corruption and unqualified people from participating in government. Confucianism allows for too much corruption because mostly nobles dominate the government. Daoism advocates non-doing and peace but that is exactly the opposite of what I want for my kingdom. Doing nothing can lead to instability because there is no structure and everyone can do whatever they please. Lastly Mohism places too much emphasis on morals and peace. To maintain a kingdom, the ruler has to make the state ready to invade other states and for invasions as well. To survive in this period of chaos and wars, only the strong survive. Legalism provides the structure I need to rule my kingdom ruthlessly and effectively. 27 De Bary, William Theodore, Irene Bloom, and Joseph Adler. Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 70. Print. 28 Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 52. Print.

Representation of the female masculinity in the boxing movie

Representation of the female masculinity in the boxing movie Representation of the female masculinity in the boxing movie â€Å"Girlfight† Lately there are more and more action movies in which the leading character is female one. Men are more likely to be seen as leading characters in the action films, but there is a tendency toward seeing more female characters as the protagonists of this type of movies. Also the female boxing movies are discussed within the context of the action genre and the main characters of those movies are seen as female action stars. There are two different types of action heroines. One of them is the so called â€Å"action babe†. Those characters are physically active but also highly sexualized females. We come across this type of heroines in the movie â€Å"Charlies Angel†, where the action heroines are fighting while wearing high heels and formal clothes. They are achieving their goals not only by using their fighting skills but also by using their sexually attractive appearance. The other type of action stars are those female characters who are acquiring the necessary physical strength and skill in order to gain independence from abusive male characters (â€Å"Enough† starring Jennifer Lopes as Slim Hiller an abused young woman). Gender influences peoples participation in different sports. For example sports such as football and boxing are considered to be male whereas gymnastics and figure skating are female dominated sports. In 2000 â€Å"The Independent Film Channel Production† released the boxing film â€Å"Girlfight† (starring Michelle Rodriguez). Boxing films are generally assumed to be about a male boxer but this movie is about a girl who is trying to pave her way in the boxing career. Rodriguezs first role as Diana Guzman in â€Å"Girlfight† and the subsequent staring roles as Lenny in â€Å"The Fast and The Furious†, Rain Ocampo in â€Å"Resident Evil†, Chris Sanchez in â€Å"S.W.A.T.†, and Ana Lucia Cortez in â€Å"Lost† help us associate her with notions such as female masculinity and tom boyish appearance. Rodriguezs heroines are portrayed as a â€Å"natural fighter who demonstrates no traditionally feminine qualities† (Beltrà ¡n, M.). The movie â€Å"Girlfight† represent how one person coped with the gender stereotypes and overcame the gender barriers in order to become a boxfighter. The movie starts with a shot of unfocused crowd walking around a school corridor. Through the gaps between the crossing people only a persons torso leaning against a locker can be seen. The person is wearing baggy trousers and army jacket; hands are trusted into the pockets in confident and masculine pose. The viewer is unable to recognize whom this body belongs to, whether it is boys or girls one. No gender differences are brought into relief until when the camera shows the upper body and the face of a girl staring the floor. Her hair is braided into cornrows along her scalp. Her mouth is firmly closed, showing us anger and disinterest. This impression is strengthened by her gaze. Then the camera shows us Diana entering the female bathroom and the sign â€Å"GIRLS† on the door is clearly visible in the centre of the fra me. Despite the Dianas outfit and her tomboyish manners the â€Å"girl† sign puts her on the female side of the gender binary male/female opposition. The scene in the bathroom shows us two girls (Veronica and Merisol) fighting over a boy. Both of the girls are wearing heavy make-up and girls clothes. The purpose of the bathroom scene is to show us the contrast between Dianas female masculinity and the excessive femininity, exotic and impulsive heterosexuality that exhales form the other â€Å"chica†. Dianas lack of concern about her appearance and the aggressive behavior drifts her away from the standard â€Å"lady-like† persona. She is not interested in being like the other girls at school who are in the period learning how to flirt and use their feminine features to become popular and desirable. The wrangle between Diana and Veronica in the bathroom turned into a fight started by Diana. She solves her problems by using her fists into whatever and whoever stand s against her. If we pay attention to Dianas fighting manners we can notice that she is fighting like a boy. Most of the girls are fighting by using pinching; biting and tearing hair while Diana is hitting the other girl with her fists tighten. The next scene is taking place in a boxing gym. Shots of different boxers working out and sparring in the gym alternate with close-ups of Dianas face, which shows us that Diana is entering a male-dominated space. Diana is in the gym because she had to pay for her brothers boxing lessons. She found Tiny (her brother) on the ring fighting with Ray (another training boxer). Ray punched Tiny in the face after the round was over which wasnt right, so Diana punched him back to defend her brother. It is believed that brothers/boys are those who have to defend their sisters/girls, also Tiny is the one that is practicing boxing. He had to be the one that is protecting Diana not the other way round. Taking a stand against the boxer shows us that Diana is not afraid to fight not only dolled up girls but also physically trained boys. Then the camera takes us in front of the gym where we can hear the conversation between Ray and Adrian (another boxer). â€Å"†¦. You get slapped by a girl thats weak Ray† are the words that Adrian tells him. If a boy had punched him it wouldnt be a topic for conversation but when the matter in hand is a girl punching him its considered as a weakness. Here we have the gender stereotype that boys are physically stronger that girls and girls are not supposed to fight against them. Girls are supposed to be cute, sweet and to act like ladies. In that scene we have another girl who is walking by the boys. She is wearing tight clothes and make-up and the two boys give her the eye and she smiled at them in return. She is flirting with them whereas Diana is fighting physically at least with one of them. Here again the director shows us the visual contrast between Diana and the ordinary girls. Rays cue to Diana â€Å" Guess you never learned how to be a lady†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and t he other female character helps us to distant Diana from the female stereotype and to stress on her female masculinity. Then we have the scene in Guzmans kitchen when Tiny shared with his family that he received the scholarship application for an Art school. Both his father and Diana think that it is a waste of time to learn to draw. The future artist career that the father foresees for his son is not going further than him painting houses. In his mind it is better for the boy to stick with the boxing which will be more helpful in his future life. Boys are supposed to be able to fight not to paint. Later on in the movie Diana tells his father that Tiny doesnt want to box, but he insists on the fact that all the boys wants to box. According to his father, Tiny needs to learn boxing so he can defend himself. Tiny breaks the stereotypes, because he prefers the more female activities instead of the male one such as boxing. According to his father going to drawing classes is girls job. There is very interesting conversation when Diana went to sign for boxing practices: Diana: I wanna be a boxer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. No, for real I wanna fight. Hector: Oh, you can train but you cant fight. Diana: Why not? Hector: You just cant. Girls dont have the same power as boys. Girls are stereotyped into quieter, subordinate femininity. Girls are judged against masculinity, whereas boys achievements are judges with regard to their masculinity. It is believed that boys have more natural abilities most of the boys are more aggressive and its shown in their physical abilities whereas girls are more shy and timid. It is believed that its natural for boys to be fighting around and to like it. In the beginning of the movie we saw Diana fighting with Veronica, later on we saw her standing without fear in front of Ray. Later on in the movie Diana proves that girls can be as strong as boys, because the physical abilities of boys and girls can be matched with determination and hard work. Hectors only condition to start training Diana is to be paid for her practices. He did not believe that she will find the money, and he was sure that she will not show up again. After all, he decides to train her even though he believes it is not right girls to be boxing. He agrees because he thought that she will not able to endure the tough exercises and the whole training process and quit. The first training sequence in the gym starts with Dianas distorted face image in a mirror. Then we see her baggy and worn-out clothes which show us her physique and her body shape. Her split image in the mirror and her outlook underlines her androgyny and Dianas struggle for a unified gender identity. During one of the following training sequences Hector and Diana had argument about the persistence in training. Hector tells her that fighting skills come natural neither to boys nor to girls and they have to practice in order to improve them. For first time boys and girls are taken not separately but within one and the same concept both boys and girls have to practice if they want to become physically durable. Her first boxing match is with a boy called Ray. His coach advices him â€Å"try to be a gentleman†. This shows that nobody takes the fact that she could be a good fighter no matter that she is a girl seriously. During her first fight Diana proves that she is physically stronger and more powerful than Ray regardless of the fact that the outcome of the fight is not shown. There is an interesting conversation between Diana and Merisol in the school corridor. Diana is trying to tell Merisol what she is busy with. Merisol insists that there is a boy that occupies Dianas free time. Merisol is surprised when Diana tells her that it is not a boy that occupies her free time but a male sport such as boxing. Later on Diana tells her that there is also a boy entangled in the boxing story and Merisol replies â€Å"I knew it†. Merisol thinks that the name Adrian is â€Å"a girly name†, but Diana assures her that he is â€Å"100% man, if you know what I mean†. For a first time in the movie Diana shows that she is actually interested in boys and not only interested in acting like a boy. We understand that she likes Adrian and his company. This is strengthened by the scene when they go for a dinner together. Their orders in the restaurant are very interesting and grab attention. She is ordering herself deluxe bacon cheese burger with extra bacon whereas he is ordering soup, garden salad and Italian dressing. Their eating habits are very different. He is on a weight diet while she is not worried about gaining or loosing weight. Women are more likely to keep to a diet than men but in this movie the situation is reversed. Keeping a diet doesnt make Adrian to look more feminine. It is breaking the stereotype that women are those who worry about their weight. On the question why she chose to box, she answered that she didnt make the cheerleading team, which is in fact a lie. The contrast between boxing and cheerleading contains the idea that she is not accepted in such a girl society as the cheerleading team so then she tries to find her place in the boys society boxing. When Adrian walks Diana home they kiss. He tells her that she tastes sweet to which she answers â€Å"Ive always thought of myself as salty†. Here we have the binary opposition of sweet and salty. If the girls are the one that are sweet then the boys should be the salty one. Adrian perceives her as a girl (sweet) whereas she thought of herself as more boyish (salty). In the next scene her physical powers is in comparison to her girl classmates one. There is a long-shot of her and her girl classmates standing in front of a fence. All of the girls are looking bored with their arms crossed on the chest whereas her body is intense, tight and ready to compete. The weakness of the other girls during the President Physical Fitness Exam makes the contrast between them and Diana more vivid and shows her physical superiority. After one of her training matches Adrian walk her home again and her father sees them talk. When she enters her home her father sees her black eye and the first thing that comes to his mind is that Adrian is beating her. When a girl is having a black eye it is more likely to be beaten up that to be participating in a fight in which she can defend herself. So her father presumption is that she has been maltreated not that she is participating in an equal fight. After an argument with her father she goes to Adrians place to spend the night. His room is painted in blue whereas hers is in girly pink. Parents are those who decorate childrens rooms, so they make the distinction between boys and girls by identifying them with different colors boys are those who are identified with blue and girls are the one identified with pink. The next meeting between Adrian and Diana is on Hectors birthday when Adrian shows up with a girlfriend. This action on his part shows us that he is confused by the fact that he is strongly attracted to a woman who exhibits distinctly masculine attributes. His unwillingness to express his feeling about Diana publicly recalls the idea that the anxiety around a males attraction to a masculine female is rooted in the association between masculinity and maleness, which evokes notion such as homosexual desire. The first training match between Diana and Adrian is saturated with tension not only because they are romantically involved but also because of the fact that the competition for physical dominance threatens the core of heterosexuality. The fight is lacking of action because Adrian refuses to hit Diana, which frustrated her and make her angry. The sequence ends with a shot of both boxers holding each other outside the boxing ring this can be treated as an embrace. This is the moment in which Diana whispered in Adrians ear â€Å"I love you, I really do†. As the bell rings indicating the end of the sparring match, Diana punches Adrians head. That final punch shows us Dianas confidence and her willingness to fight against whoever her opponent is. Up until now in the movie we had seen Diana training only in the public space of the boxing gym surrounded by boys. There is a scene in which Dianas training is situated in the female sphere and intimate space of her bedroom. While boxing in front of the mirror in her bedroom we hear Hectors voice-over reading a letter saying that male and female amateurs within the same weight class are allowed to compete with each other in the ring, so from now on they are equal. In real life the so called gender-blind boxing fights are not allowed. Her first public match was supposed to be with a well known female boxer but the fight is called off. Dianas first public sparing match is against Rays one of the male boxers in the gym. When the audience understands that the match will be between man and woman there is a palpable tension surrounding this â€Å"battle of the sexes†. This tension is caused by the perceived treat to the dominate gender order which is based on the idea that men are stronger and physically superior than women. During the whole match between Ray and Diana his unwillingness to fight â€Å"a girl† and the fear that he can be defeated by a â€Å"girl† is underlined. Through this boxing sequence Diana is pronouncing her persistence in pursuing her boxing carrier despite the fact that most of people around her think that it is â€Å"inappropriate† for her gender. Dianas father shows up at the boxing match and this is the moment in which he understands that she has been boxing in her free time. This results in a huge fight with her father because he is absolutely opposed to hers pursuit of boxing, while early in the movie it was clearly shown that he pressures his overly effeminate son into taking boxing lessons. The other reason for the father-daughter argument is that Diana blames her mothers suicide on his alcoholism and abusive behavior. The image of her father lying on the kitchen floor is his last appearance in the movie. This image can be seen as a violent reaction against the patriarchal nature of traditional gender stereotype that men are those who rule over women. First girl fight that Diana participates in is with famous and well trained female fighter Stiles. During the match there is a scene in which Adrian admires her moves and punches. The final fight is the most dramatic and intense overlap between her boxing and private worlds. Diana fights for the New York Amateur Championship (title). This is her reward for the hard work and difficulties that she undergoes. The fact that Adrian will be her opponent puts additional meaning in the context of their romantic relationship. This physical confrontation between a man and woman who are engaged in a romantic relationship draws our attention to the normative notion of gender. The conversation between them before the fight shows us that Adriane feels protective of her not because she is a female boxer, but because he is in love with her. They both have feelings for each other, but Adrian takes this boxing match too personal whereas Diana is thinking of it as another boxing experience. Right befor e the fight starts a woman says to her husband that the match card says â€Å"Diana Guzman†. The husband tell her that it is probably a misprinting. He couldnt even imagine that a girl could be fighting for the Championship (title). Adriane fights with her like she is any other boxer so does she. Both of them give everything they have and the better one win the match. The image of the boxers circling and holding onto each other in intimate embrace implies connection between boxing and dancing. This scene looks more like a love scene than a fight sequence. The gender-blind boxing match between Adrian and Diana strengthens their relationship but also clears up their boxing attitudes. In that final sequence the depiction of the boxers is removed from the articulation of a specific identity from the representation of the materiality of the sexed and gendered body. During the whole movie Diana is trying to change the gender norms and understanding of masculinity and femininity and after all she successfully does so. Her violent actions, her physical appearance speak for themselves those are the things that get her into gender trouble. But she stands clearly against the idea that human being are divided into two clear-cut groups women and men. By the end of the movie she had already found, formed and chosen her own individual identity. What caught my attention in â€Å"Girlfight† review called â€Å"No Winners Here: The Flawed Feminism of Girlfight† by Anju Reejhsinghani is that the reviewer thinks that Kusama, the director, used the intergender tournament to dramatize the love story between Adrian and Diana. I think that one of the usages of those gender-blind fights is indeed to dramatize the love story but it also carries the idea that everybody should defend their individual identity. By those crossed-gender fights the director shows that equality between male and female is possible.

Motion Picture History Essay examples -- essays research papers

Before World War I, films were being made mostly European countries and in Japan. When the war interrupted European filmmaking, however, the American film industry began to dominate the world market. In the years between 1917 and 1927 the silent film reached the peak of its development. United States had the largest film industry and American films dominated the international market. Germany and Japan still had some movie industries but mostly left to domestic. Many nations found film production as a matter of importance to national culture, sometimes by limiting on film imports. D. W. Griffith transformed early day of domestic production to an era of Hollywood’s worldwide dominance. Major companies that dominated Hollywood were Fox, Paramount, Warner Brothers, MGM, Columbia, and United Artists. One of the famous MGM movies was a silent version of Ben Her. Hollywood films became increasingly expensive to make as productions became more spectacular, and the stars demanded enormous salaries. As Hollywood and film industries elsewhere produced hundreds of films each year, certain standardized forms took precedence over individual creative inspiration. Movies adopted categories, known as genres, from earlier arts and popular entertainment. These included comedy, the Western, mystery, horror, romance, melodrama, and the war story. More and more large cinemas were built, and the major producers expanded their distributing systems and bought entire chains of theaters. Major studios attempted to produce a picture a week. A typical film show consisted of a feature starring big-name players, a short comedy, and a newsreel. The 1922 film Nanook of the North, directed by the American Robert Flaherty, is often credited as the first great achievement of documentary film. Most of the films made during this period reflected the fast pace and materialistic concerns of the nation's prosperous "flapper" era. While settings and costumes were often elaborate, film stories were often shallow. Most people went to the "movies" to see film stars, and it was often the star who saved a poor film from being a total failure. Some stars, seeking freedom from the mass-production methods of large studios, banded together to form distributing companies to market films they made in their own studios. United Artists, formed in 1919 by Griffith, Chaplin, Douglas Fa... ...eras and stages. Movement in most of the early sound films appeared static, because cameras had to be enclosed in soundproof boxes that were difficult to move. Eventually cameras with noiseless gears were developed; microphones were put on booms, or poles, which could be extended as needed. Early cameras used a number of different speeds for exposing frames, but by the advent of sound film in the late 1920s the standard had become 24 frames per second. The sound revolution ended the careers of many silent-film performers whose voices did not record well, but it also brought new performers to the screen who had stage experience in speaking roles. Playwrights who knew how to write dramatic dialogue were hired to replace silent-screen scenario writers, and many plays were filmed for the screen because they provided ready-made dialogue. With the coming of sound, film animation increased popularity. Walt Disney made the first animated cartoon with synchronized sound, Steamboat Willie in 1928, which was the third film to feature the popular Mickey Mouse character. The Great Depression of 1929 did a little to affect Hollywood but ironically increased the efficiency of films production.

Coconut as Activated Fiber Muffler Filter

Valenzuela City Science High School A. Marcelo St. , Dalandanan, Valenzuela City The Use of Coconut Shells (Cocos Nucifera mesocarp) As Green Activated Carbon Fiber For Muffler Air Filter Group Members: De Leon, Glenn Patrick C. Enmil Jr. , Rolando Manuel P. Santos-Diaz, Zoe Marie C. Suyat, Pauline Jirah A. Submitted to: Mr. Albert Tolentino Date Submitted: Aug. 10, 2011 Chapter 1: Introduction Statement of the Problem A. General problem: 1. How could we use coconut shells to come up to an activated carbon fiber? B. Specific problem: 1. What would be the duration of transforming the coconut shells to be activated carbon? 2. How can activated carbon fiber help to filter air in vehicle muffler? 3. What are the benefits and uses of the possible outcome of the research? Hypothesis A. Alternative Hypothesis: Coconut shells are able to produce activated carbon fiber for muffler air filter. B. Null Hypothesis: Coconut shells cannot produce activated carbon fiber for muffler air filter. Scope and Limitations The study will determine the feasibility of coconut shells in making activated carbon fiber for muffler air filter. This research includes the materials and methods that will be used. It also contains the significance of the study and the possible uses of the outcome or result to help our environment. This study has also its own limitations, such that the materials are within the community and the processes will be conducted under the supervision of the research team and the investigatory project adviser. Significance of the Study This study is mainly composed of natural materials like the coconut shells used to make activated carbon fiber. Green activated carbon is very helpful and environment friendly because it can help to cleanse and reduce the pollution in the air produced by vehicle muffler. The product of the study will also use less expensive materials so that it will be cheaper than other muffler air filter. This study will also help the community to lessen the air pollution and provide a cleaner air to sustain life. The possible outcome will be assured to be eco-friendly and able to help nature. Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature The coconut palm (Cocos Nucifera) is a member of the family Arecacae (palm family). This are commonly found on tropics and it is known for its great versatility as seen in the many domestic, commercial and industrial uses of its different parts. Its endosperm is known as the edible â€Å"flesh† of the coconut, when dried it is called copra and its mesocarp is known as the coconut shell. The coconut thrives on sandy soils and is highly tolerant of salinity. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (150 cm-250 cm annually). Coconut also need high humidity (70%-80%) for optimum growth. Optimum growth is with a mean annual temperate of 27? C (81? F) and growth is reduced below 21? C (70? F). Coconut shells is an appropriate substitute in making an activated carbon because of its absorbent properties. Activated carbon, or activated charcoal, that has been processed to make extremely porous and thus to have s very large surface area for absorption. The process of activated carbon generation begins with the selection of a raw carbon source. These sources are selected based on design specifications since different raw sources will produce activated carbon with different properties. Some of the more common raw sources include wood, sawdust,  lignite,  peat, coal, coconut shells, and petroleum residues. Related Studies The research team primarily choose the topic because of the abundant resources within the community, and resources are one of the most important factors to consider before conducting a research or study. The proponents were able to found out that there are a lot of studies before that is related to the one presented now. Chapter 3: Methodology Materials Quantity| Name of material| 3 kg| Coconut shell| 1 liter| Water| 1 pc| Oven| 1 pc| Burning sink| 2 pc| Plastic pail| pc| Draining stray or Strainer| 1 pc | blender| 2 pc Zipper bags| 25% concentrated solution Calcium chloride (CaC12) and Zinc chloride (Zn C12)| Procedure First thing to do is to keep all the required materials ready for making activated charcoal: coconut shells (without meat), burning sink, oven, 25 percent concentrated solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) or zinc chloride (ZnCl 2), sterilized water, plastic pail, draining tray, zipper bags and blender. Before starting the procedure, strip off coconut shells, wash thoroughly with clean water and allow them to dry completely. If drying is not done properly, they may be difficult to burn. Add the dried coconut shells in the burning sink by adjusting the temperature to about 600 – 900 degrees Fahrenheit. Maintain the recommended temperature range and burn continuously for about 4 ? hours or until the coconut shells turn into ash. For safe handling, leave the ash until it cools down. After the ash has cooled down, carefully take out the ash from the sink and transfer it into a clean plastic pail. Then, pour the 25 percent concentrated solution of calcium chloride or zinc chloride into the plastic pail. The amount of calcium chloride or zinc chloride solution should be such that the ash is soaked completely into the solution. Cover the pail with a lid and leave for 20 – 24 hours. During this process, the chemicals are impregnated into the ash, after which further treatment will transform the ash into activated charcoal. The next step is removing the charcoal from the chemical solution and transferring it into a draining tray. Allow solution to drain for about 1 hour. For removal of any trace chemicals from the charcoal, wash and rinse repeatedly with sterilized water. Thorough washing is essential in order to get rid of the chemical solution, which is one of the most common problems in the making of activated charcoal by chemical activation procedure. After washing, keep the charcoal in the tray for draining water. Following this, transfer the charcoal into an oven, setting the temperature to about 215 – 230 degrees Fahrenheit and bake for about 3 hours. After baking, remove the activated charcoal from the oven and crush it with the help of a blender.

Developmental psychology Essay

Introduction The pedagogy of play can be hard to understand and part of the reason for this is it’s so difficult to explain how children learn by play because play isn’t simply; it is complex. Each child begins their early childhood education with a set of skills and prior knowledge that is influenced by their family, culture and past experiences (Fellows &Oakley, 2010). The past knowledge should become the foundation for developing an understanding of scientific concepts (Duschl, Schweingruber & Shouse, 2007). Children are naturally inquisitive, creative and aware of the world around them (Campbell & Jobling, 2012). development tool and an effective way to teach children scientific concepts while using their prior knowledge (Preston, Mules, Baker & Frost, 2007). Learning science through play shows children that science is useful and enjoyable and is a significant aspect of the real world (Bulunuz, 2013). This essay will review teaching science through play, theorists who support play and the way in which the Australian curriculum and EYLF support play pedagogy. Science and Play Play pedagogy is a context for learning through which children organise and make sense of their social worlds, as they engage actively with people, objects  and representations. Research shows that early childhood educators must use play effectively in order for children to develop contextualised knowledge about science (Bulunuz, 2013). Educators should base science experiences based on prior knowledge and interests demonstrated by the children (Moyles, 2012). Educators must acknowledge the importance of play as a platform for learning and practising the basic process skills of science (Howitt, Morris & Colville, 2007). Through play the children are learning at their own pace and children can repeat, rehearse and refine skills, displaying what they do know and practising what they  are beginning to understand. According to Campbell & Jobling (2012) there are numerous forms of play. One of which is free play. Free play is used by children to spontaneously react to their environment, and is determined by their interests. Children’s interest in the world around them usually begins with their observations, whereby they see, hear, smell, touch something that captures their interest and encourages them to explore. In order to develop contextualised knowledge about science children need to move on from free play and be involved in guided play (Campbell & Jobling, 2012).

Medical Dilemma of David Burns Essay Example

Medical Dilemma of David Burns Essay Example Medical Dilemma of David Burns Paper Medical Dilemma of David Burns Paper Essay Topic: Emma Medical The case of David Burns presents a clinical picture of a patient suffering from a respiratory disorder. Using a cephalocaudal approach of physical assessment, the client demonstrated some signs and symptoms that provide a clearer picture of the medical condition he is enduring. The client has yellow teeth that signify tar build-up due to chronic smoking. Evidence of mild jugular vein distention is also evident refers to an increase in blood volume, or prresence of any abnormalities and obstructions to the normal pathway of blood. Manifestations like shortness of breath, mild dyspnea while talking, use of accessory muscles at rest, and pursed lip breathing may indicate inadequate oxygen intake. The subsistence of yellow sputum denotes infection. Barrel chest or an increase in the anterior posterior (AP) diameter of the chest may mean air trapping. Percussion over the lung fields conjointly revealed ubiquity of hyperresonant sounds that indicate air trapping. Decreased breath sounds may signify overinflation of lungs, presence of air or fluid around the lungs, reduced air flow to a part of the lung, or increased in chest wall thickness. Tactile fremitus is increased whhich denotes lung tissue consolidation. In addition, a +2 pitting edema on the legs may mean venous obstruction or blood pooling. Diverse respiratory diseases can be concluded if presented with these signs and symptoms. Shortness of breath is usually associated with respiratory, circulatory or cardiac problems. If consorted with body malaise, low-grade fever, and expectorating yellow sputum, it may imply chronic bronchitis. Difficulty of breathing, productive coughing as well as a profound increase in the anterior posterior diameter of the chest wall are symptoms related with emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Moreover, hyperresonant percussion, decreased breath sounds, and increased tactile fremitus suggest the same cconditions. David Burns also underwent some neccessary laboratory examinations to aid in diagnosing the disease. The clients blood test showed a decrease in the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. An increase in lung compliance makes it unable for the lungs to expel carbon dioxide resulting in a build-up, which subsequently lowers the oxygen level in the blood. Low oxygenation level prevents the hemoglobin in getting enough oxygen, thereby resulting in pale microcytic red blood cells and low hemoglobin. This correspondingly lowers the hematocrit because a low hematocrit reflects a low number of circulating red blood cells and is an indicator of a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity (Wennecke, 2004). Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) is also examined and interpreted as respiratory acidosis. In his condition, the production of carbon dioxide occurs rapidly, and failure of ventilation promptly increases the partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). Alveolar hypoventilation leads to an increased PaCO2 which, in turn, decreases the bicarbonate (HCO3 -)/PaCO2, decreasing the pH (Minaoui, 2009). Taking into consideration the case of David Burns, chronic smoking is the main factor why he manifested these signs and symptoms. The habit of smoking causes an introduction of irritants to the airways which causes an inflammation. The inflammatory process results to fever and release of chemical mediators such as bradykinin, histamine and prostaglandin, which then increases the capillary permeability. The mechanism resulted in fluid or cellular exudation which in turn causes edema of the mucous membrane. Hypersecretion of mucus follows which accounts for the clients productive cough. Smoking also causes the build-up of nicotine, which is a strong vasoconstrictor. It makes arteries all over the body become smaller making it harder for the heart to pump through the constricted arteries (Spitzer, 2001) to the sytemic circulation, and then back to the heart. Therefore, blood has a tendency to pool down on the lower extremities causing hydrostatic pressure to rise which later results to edema. Since blood vessels are constricted, it would be very difficult for some parts of the human body to have enough oxygen. The condition is further aggravated by the fact that smoking lowers the hemoglobin level in the blood, therefore lowering the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. The brain will sense the low oxygen saturation, which then signals the lungs to work faster. This event is responsible for the clients increase in respiratory rate. However, air is trapped considering that there are constricted airways due to the inflammatory process in the lungs. The AP diameter protracts due to an increase in lung compliance, which in turn increases the thoracic pressure. Consequently, the chest expands anteriorly making the it look like a barrel. The disease process, which can lead to unexpected complications, needs medications for treatment and relief of symptoms. With David Burns case, he needs to deal with several classes of medications. Steriods may be prescribed to halt down the inflammatory process. Inhaled corticosteroids have been found to improve symptoms and decrease the frequency of COPD exacerbations, with less systemic effects than oral corticosteroids (Donohue, 2006). Antibiotics may be prescribed to counteract infection. Bronchodilators are also used to help open the bronchial tubes (airways) of the lungs, allowing more air to flow through them. Bronchodilators work by relaxing the smooth muscles that line the airways. This makes the airways open wider and allows air to leave the lungs (Ross-Flannigan, 2002), thus, lowering and preventing build up of intrathoracic pressure.

Zonation on a rocky shore essays

Zonation on a rocky shore essays The seashore is a habitat that contains a wide range of microhabitats and ecological niches for different creatures. This is mainly due to the effects of the tides, that rise and fall twice each day. Tides are the vertical movement of water in a periodical oscillation of the sea, due to the gravitational pull of the sun and moon. The tides are on a semi-diurnal cycle, so there are two high tides and two low tides each day. Due to the orbit of the moon, the tides also have a monthly cycle. This creates neap (very low) and spring (very high) tides. The seashore can be divided into several zones, which are illustrated on the diagram below: This is the highest zone on the shore, and lies above the EHWS mark, and therefore is never covered by seawater. However, it may be occasionally be spray wetted. Because of this, it is mainly inhabited by terrestrial species, such as lichen, that can live in areas of very high salinity. This zone is the area that is covered and uncovered by the tides, and therefore organisms that live here must be able to tolerate a large range of conditions. It can be further divided into the Littoral Fringe and the Eulittoral zone. This part of the Littoral zone lies above the area that is completely submerged by the sea in normal conditions. However, it is frequently covered by splash from waves, and so is far more marine in character that the Supralittoral Zone. Lichens still dominate this zone, but some species of periwinkles and topshells may graze them. This zone is the area of the beach that is regularly submerged by the tides, and can be divided into three more zones, the upper, middle and lower shores. It shows the greatest species diversity of any of the zones. This region of the shore lies between the EHWS and MHWN marks, and so is only immersed during spring tides. Because of this, organisms that live here must be adapted to survive long periods of desiccation. The two seaweeds t...

Action Potentials in Squid Axons

Action Potentials in Squid Axons In 1952, Hodgkin and Huxley published a series of four papers in the Journal of Physiology (London) reporting their experiments to investigate the underlying events of the action potential. In their final paper, they derived a series of equations that describe the relationship between sodium conductance (gNa+), potassium conductance (gK+) and the membrane potential in a squid axon following electrical stimulation. Hodgkin and Huxley were awarded the Nobel Prize for this work. In this practical, you will use a computer program based on the Hodgkin and Huxley equations to show what is happening to the membrane potential, gNa+ and gK+ during and after electrical stimulation. An example of the output from the program is illustrated in figure 1. It can be seen that the electrical stimulation depolarises the membrane. Once a depolarisation of 30mV has occurred, the conductance to sodium ions increases rapidly and the membrane potential rises to +20mV. The rise in gK+ is slower in onset an d lasts for longer than the increase in gNa+. The fall in gNa+ and the associated rise in gK+ returns the membrane potential towards the resting value. Methods and Results    Q1 and 2. Investigate the effects of varying stimulus amplitude and duration by running all the simulations shown in the matrix below in Table 1: Enter a ‘X’ in the Table 1 matrix for experiments that produce an action potential, and record the peak height, amplitude, latency and threshold of any action potentials in Table 2 overleaf. For experiments that fail to elicit an action potential, enter a ‘O’ in the matrix below, and record a value of à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¥ (infinity) for the latency and ‘-‘ for the other parameters in the table overleaf.    Q3. Plot two graphs to show the relationship between: (i) Stimulus strength and latency and (ii) Stimulus duration and latency. How these graphs should be plotted is not immediately obvious, and information on how to complete thi s task will not be explicitly given! The optimal solution to the problem is for you to find, but the following points are provided for guidance: It is not legitimate to plot infinity on graphs It is not appropriate to extrapolate beyond data points It is not legitimate to plot average latencies. The graphs must be plotted so that every value of latency (except à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¥) is represented. Use the blank sheet on the proforma, there is no need to use graph paper. Graph 1 : Stimulus strength and latency Remember you need to distinguish different stim durations in this graph Stimulus Duration (ms) Graph 2: Stimulus Duration and Latency Make sure you distinguish different strengths as well Stimulus Strength (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­A/cm2) These can be plotted accurately using excel for your submitted report. Experiments with dual stimuli Q4. Run a simulation with the following parameters to demonstrate the absolute refractory period:    Briefly describe the responses obtained in simulations A and B in the space below: For simulation A and B in stimulus 1 they had peak heights of +17mv therefore producing an action potential. In stimulus 2, there is very little depolarisation in simulation A as peak height is -92mv. This is lower than the resting potential, therefore showing that the neuron did not fully recover from stimulus1.

Entrepreneur - link literature review theories to real life Essay

Entrepreneur - link literature review theories to real life entrepreneur - Essay Example The so called killer phrases are also sometime referred to as one of the real barriers behind the process of creative thinking. However in order to overcome these barriers to the creative thought process, resources are required which might include the right attitude adopted by the entrepreneur. Creativity and innovation are probably the two ways through which entrepreneurs make difference in the world. This assumption of having creative and innovative entrepreneurs is based on the fact that every entrepreneur has certain personal traits and motivations and key element of this is their ability to put their efforts and endeavors behind it. Probably the most innovative and creative endeavor of entrepreneur is his ability to create capital. (Thompson, 1999). By adding value and creating capital, entrepreneurs basically transform their business activities in the larger good of the society. It is largely believed that the success of entrepreneurship therefore base on the personal traits of the entrepreneur which include his ability to be an intuitive thinker and innovator. The notion of creativity and innovation is associated with the process of entrepreneurship because of the fact that creativity is often considered as the personality trait of the entrepreneur. (Thompson, 2004) . This approach tends to focus on the role of people in developing creative and innovative enterprises. Many researches have suggested that the competitive advantages which entrepreneurs enjoy over their competitors are based on their internal resources. These internal resources are often linked with knowledge based resources which are ultimately linked with the innovation and creativity of the entrepreneurs. (Mosakowski, 1998). These knowledge based intangible resources flourish creativity and innovation in entrepreneurs. However these knowledge based intangible resources

Theory of Constraints Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Theory of Constraints - Research Paper Example iyahu says that, like a chain at its weakest point in any multifaceted structure at one point, it is only one aspect of the structure that restricts the given system from accomplishing its goal. Moreover, if the system needs to accomplish any noteworthy improvement then the constraint must be acknowledged and put in mind whenever the system is being managed (Dettmer, 1997). According to Ronen, 2005, Theory of Constraints philosophy is built on the premise that any organization faces at least one constraint. A constraint can be regarded as anything that blocks a particular system from attaining its goal. Constraints can show up in many ways, though a core code within the theory is that there is mostly one, which affects the given system. The two types of constraints are internal and external. Internal constraints exist when the produce is less that the market demands. On the other hand, external constraints occur when the market demand is below the systems produce (Bragg, 2007). The Theory of Constraints is made up of split, but related processes, which have dependable concepts. One distinct component is performance measures and five focusing steps. Basically, there are three key performance measurements to estimate, they include operating expense, throughput and inventory whereby the TOC insists on using them since they serve globally as compared to the local measures (Dettmer, 1997). Throughput denotes the speed at, which the system can generate money through sales and not production. In essence, no goods can be said to be assets until they are sold. Inventory is money that has been invested in goods that any firm intends to sell or any material that could be renewed into salable items. Essentially, the concepts of value added and overhead are of less importance in this case. Operating expense consists of all the money firms spend in changing inventory into throughput (Bragg, 2007). The main objective in this particular event is that the firm wants to

How did the successive stages of capitalism change the UK's accounting Essay - 1

How did the successive stages of capitalism change the UK's accounting and financial reporting processes - Essay Example The other is that which supplies his immediate consumption." (Smith, 1776, Web) Revenue in this regard relates to surplus economic production as opposed mere subsistence, but also represents a larger, rational pursuit of this surplus in profit. Yet, it is important to note that Adam Smith does not write specifically of â€Å"capitalism† as a system, but does define the importance of capital in economic relations critically in his analysis. (Novara et al., 2003) In his text â€Å"On Wages† (1817), David Ricardo writes that, "Capital is that part of the wealth of a country which is employed in production, and consists of food, clothing, tools, raw materials, machinery, etc. necessary to give effect to labour." (Ricardo, 1817, Web) Yet, it is Marx who develops capitalism as a system theoretically in his works such as â€Å"Das Kapital† (1867) and others which would inaugurate and define nearly all later intellectual treatment of the subject. (Bryer, 2005) I. A Defin ition of Capitalism In "Wage Labour and Capital" (1849) Marx initiates a fundamental definition of capital: "Capital consists of raw materials, instruments of labour and means of subsistence of all kinds, which are utilized in order to produce new raw materials, new instruments of labour and new means of subsistence... ... ystems, trade, and labor exchanges are found from the early stages of human development historically, but Sombart points to the use of accounting standards as an essential characteristic of capitalism. Through this interpretation, historians can search primary source materials from various societies to determine the degree that accounting records were kept. Where systems of agriculture and early industry involved work relations and paid labor, the development of capitalism historically in the society is evident. Similarly, a community monetary system is essential for the development of marketplace capitalism, as well as the exchange of surpluses in supply and labor. As Basil Yamey writes in "Accounting and the Rise of Capitalism" (1964): "Werner Sombart was largely responsible for the broad thesis that systematic of scientific accounting, identified with the double-entry system, played an important part in releasing, activating or accentuating the 'rationalistic pursuit of profits,' and essential of the capitalist spirit." (Winjum, 1971) III. The Pre-Capitalist Era (4000 BC to 1000AD) In the pre-capitalist era, money systems allowed agriculturalists to trade surplus products in a manner that encouraged the growth of capitalism and forms the basis for economic exchange. Some theorists relate capitalism to a system of political values, as the theory of capitalism developed from within the political context of the 18th Century related to the onset of democracy, liberalism, and modernism historically. This creates the question of whether the political definition of capitalism can be legitimately applied to early commercial, industrial, and agricultural trading activity in England in the pre-historical or feudal period. The development of artisan groups and skilled labor

Easy Proposal Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Easy - Thesis Proposal Example Interviews and questionnaires will be used to obtain primary data, while financial statements will be used to obtain secondary data. The increased collapse of companies led to an increase in the number of legislation passed to protect businesses and the interests of shareholders (AICPA 6). This has led to an increase in creative accounting, which is the manipulation of financial statements by accountants using their knowledge, in a way that is within the legal restrictions (Beidleman 655). Without rotation of auditors, and with accountants being under the command of managers, they can manipulate them to produce financial statements that do not portray the true and fair view of a firm’s financial performance (Hanno 135). There are various reasons advanced to explain why firms engage in creative accounting. These include a company trying to hide its poor performance in a particular year, or when it is avoiding takeovers (DeZoort, Hermanson and Houston 179). Accounting standards have been revised to try curbing unethical issues in financial statement preparation and improving their integrity. However, managers and accountants have found ways of navigating this regulation; remain within the confines of the law, and produce financial statement that do not reflect the actual position of a company. This has led to such companies experiencing financial strain and others collapsing. The purpose of this study is to find out the impacts that creative accounting has on a company’s financial health. The study will give an insight on the consequences of creative accounting and the negative effects the practice may have on a company’s on-going and future performance. Various scholars have studied different aspects of creative accounting. According to Beasley, creative accounting is used to influence market expectations and increase consumers’ and investors’ confidence in a firm (450).

Tata Motors Acquisition of Dawoo Commercial Vehicles Essay

Tata Motors Acquisition of Dawoo Commercial Vehicles - Essay Example The company is still chasing the opportunities to expand its business further to other location across the globe. Daewoo Motors Similar to Tata group, this group also started off in 1967 with a textile business by Kim Woo Choong (Koontz & Weihrich, 2006, p.206). In the 70’d and 80’s, the group has experienced a considerable growth with its diversification into several business. Later on in the early period of 1990s, the Group has expanded overseas and emerged as the largest conglomerate across the globe with around 24 companies under its shield. Back in the year 1978, the group has entered into the automobile industry by the acquisition of 50 % stake in the Sachan motor company while the rest was owned by another automobile giant, General Motors. The venture was later renamed as Daewoo Motor Company. In 1992, the Daewoo group acquired remaining 50 % of the stake with the withdrawal of partnership by GM. Later on after the bankruptcy of Daewoo, GM and some other companie s have shown their interest to acquire its assets. Daewoo Commercial Vehicle, previously a vertical of Daewoo, did not come under the bid and established itself as a separate company in the year 2002. Strategic and Economic Aspects behind the Acquisition Tata Motors had been one of the oldest players in the automobile industry of India. After expanding its dominance all over the economy, the company aimed at expanding its business all over the globe which made it adopt tie-up strategies with automobile companies in some of the major emerging markets of the world. The automobile industry is generally characterised by a large number of units and the commercial vehicles vertical in it occupies a small fragment of the entire industry. Globally, the commercial vehicles arena is dominated by... As the paper stresses Tata Motors is the leading automobile manufacturer in India and is among the leading commercial vehicle companies across the globe with revenue of $20 million in the last financial year. The company has also emerged as the one among the top four truck manufacturers as well as top two bus manufacturer across the globe. Established back in the year 1945, the company now employs more than 24000 employees with a vision to be the best in its operation and to be in compliance to its value systems and ethics. Tata Motors has also got the pride to be the first in the Indian engineering sector to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange; that happened back in September, 2004. This essay declares that Tata Motors had been one of the oldest players in the automobile industry of India. After expanding its dominance all over the economy, the company aimed at expanding its business all over the globe which made it adopt tie-up strategies with automobile companies in some of the major emerging markets of the world. The automobile industry is generally characterised by a large number of units and the commercial vehicles vertical in it occupies a small fragment of the entire industry. Globally, the commercial vehicles arena is dominated by players like Volvo, Scania, DaimlerChrysler and a few other giants who occupy nearly 60 percent of the total market share. In order to distinguish its might amidst them, the Tata Group needs to have considerable strategic as well as economic edge.

How did the successive stages of capitalism change the UK's accounting Essay - 1

How did the successive stages of capitalism change the UK's accounting and financial reporting processes - Essay Example The other is that which supplies his immediate consumption." (Smith, 1776, Web) Revenue in this regard relates to surplus economic production as opposed mere subsistence, but also represents a larger, rational pursuit of this surplus in profit. Yet, it is important to note that Adam Smith does not write specifically of â€Å"capitalism† as a system, but does define the importance of capital in economic relations critically in his analysis. (Novara et al., 2003) In his text â€Å"On Wages† (1817), David Ricardo writes that, "Capital is that part of the wealth of a country which is employed in production, and consists of food, clothing, tools, raw materials, machinery, etc. necessary to give effect to labour." (Ricardo, 1817, Web) Yet, it is Marx who develops capitalism as a system theoretically in his works such as â€Å"Das Kapital† (1867) and others which would inaugurate and define nearly all later intellectual treatment of the subject. (Bryer, 2005) I. A Defin ition of Capitalism In "Wage Labour and Capital" (1849) Marx initiates a fundamental definition of capital: "Capital consists of raw materials, instruments of labour and means of subsistence of all kinds, which are utilized in order to produce new raw materials, new instruments of labour and new means of subsistence... ... ystems, trade, and labor exchanges are found from the early stages of human development historically, but Sombart points to the use of accounting standards as an essential characteristic of capitalism. Through this interpretation, historians can search primary source materials from various societies to determine the degree that accounting records were kept. Where systems of agriculture and early industry involved work relations and paid labor, the development of capitalism historically in the society is evident. Similarly, a community monetary system is essential for the development of marketplace capitalism, as well as the exchange of surpluses in supply and labor. As Basil Yamey writes in "Accounting and the Rise of Capitalism" (1964): "Werner Sombart was largely responsible for the broad thesis that systematic of scientific accounting, identified with the double-entry system, played an important part in releasing, activating or accentuating the 'rationalistic pursuit of profits,' and essential of the capitalist spirit." (Winjum, 1971) III. The Pre-Capitalist Era (4000 BC to 1000AD) In the pre-capitalist era, money systems allowed agriculturalists to trade surplus products in a manner that encouraged the growth of capitalism and forms the basis for economic exchange. Some theorists relate capitalism to a system of political values, as the theory of capitalism developed from within the political context of the 18th Century related to the onset of democracy, liberalism, and modernism historically. This creates the question of whether the political definition of capitalism can be legitimately applied to early commercial, industrial, and agricultural trading activity in England in the pre-historical or feudal period. The development of artisan groups and skilled labor

Tata Motors Acquisition of Dawoo Commercial Vehicles Essay

Tata Motors Acquisition of Dawoo Commercial Vehicles - Essay Example The company is still chasing the opportunities to expand its business further to other location across the globe. Daewoo Motors Similar to Tata group, this group also started off in 1967 with a textile business by Kim Woo Choong (Koontz & Weihrich, 2006, p.206). In the 70’d and 80’s, the group has experienced a considerable growth with its diversification into several business. Later on in the early period of 1990s, the Group has expanded overseas and emerged as the largest conglomerate across the globe with around 24 companies under its shield. Back in the year 1978, the group has entered into the automobile industry by the acquisition of 50 % stake in the Sachan motor company while the rest was owned by another automobile giant, General Motors. The venture was later renamed as Daewoo Motor Company. In 1992, the Daewoo group acquired remaining 50 % of the stake with the withdrawal of partnership by GM. Later on after the bankruptcy of Daewoo, GM and some other companie s have shown their interest to acquire its assets. Daewoo Commercial Vehicle, previously a vertical of Daewoo, did not come under the bid and established itself as a separate company in the year 2002. Strategic and Economic Aspects behind the Acquisition Tata Motors had been one of the oldest players in the automobile industry of India. After expanding its dominance all over the economy, the company aimed at expanding its business all over the globe which made it adopt tie-up strategies with automobile companies in some of the major emerging markets of the world. The automobile industry is generally characterised by a large number of units and the commercial vehicles vertical in it occupies a small fragment of the entire industry. Globally, the commercial vehicles arena is dominated by... As the paper stresses Tata Motors is the leading automobile manufacturer in India and is among the leading commercial vehicle companies across the globe with revenue of $20 million in the last financial year. The company has also emerged as the one among the top four truck manufacturers as well as top two bus manufacturer across the globe. Established back in the year 1945, the company now employs more than 24000 employees with a vision to be the best in its operation and to be in compliance to its value systems and ethics. Tata Motors has also got the pride to be the first in the Indian engineering sector to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange; that happened back in September, 2004. This essay declares that Tata Motors had been one of the oldest players in the automobile industry of India. After expanding its dominance all over the economy, the company aimed at expanding its business all over the globe which made it adopt tie-up strategies with automobile companies in some of the major emerging markets of the world. The automobile industry is generally characterised by a large number of units and the commercial vehicles vertical in it occupies a small fragment of the entire industry. Globally, the commercial vehicles arena is dominated by players like Volvo, Scania, DaimlerChrysler and a few other giants who occupy nearly 60 percent of the total market share. In order to distinguish its might amidst them, the Tata Group needs to have considerable strategic as well as economic edge.

Chance vs. Fate Essay Example for Free

Chance vs. Fate Essay Do you ever tried to think, what if chance and fate face a fight? Who do you think would be the winner? And who do you think would be the looser? If one people began to fight his chance and his fate,. Who do you think would make him feel happier? Is it the chance who gave him chance, or is it fate that decide his life. Maybe most of you think that chance would be the obvious winner, for more people is now wanted to take a chance than fate. But how ever what if I told you that fate is stronger than chance? What if I tell you that if you need to choose a choice between chance and fate,. I must tell you that fate is the better choice than chance. That fate can assure you that you’ll never regret for choosing it than chance. For fate must knew the Rightful one than chance. How? Because I had a very interesting story about chance and hope. That made me realized what’s The best choice for me. And this is just happened to me a month ago before December enter the year. Since birth I have a childhood friend that became part of my life. Each and every day we are together. Those days are just passing by and our relationship as friends became more deeper and deeper that I came to the point I fall in love with him secretly. But instead of telling it into him, I decided to not mention my feelings anymore for our friendship has been gone through the years. And I don’t want to ruin that friendship. But fate never gives a consideration, into me. My parents decided to continue my high school at manila, together with my sister. And when my last day in our province came, I let him knew that I was leaving. That time I wanted to tell him the truth. I have the chance but I let it go. I never succeeded telling into him that I really love him. After that event I really hate fate for deciding what for my life. I do really hate it for I was such in a poor condition that time. But two years had passed. No communication for the last two years. And when I spent m y semestrial break in our province after two years, I really did see the things change. When I came back home I saw him. And flashback remains into my head. But instead of smiling into him, I pretend not to see anyone. until he said to me that he was fallen in love with me. But as hearing the soft words he had spoken I cant really imagined that all the old feelings of yesterday is now coming back faster. But of course, I remembered he was my friend. And I like him too. But what the heck? After some month I rejected him even though I loved him. And that he quits on asking. After some month December came a number texted me and ask who it was. But I was shocked It was my classmate since I’m in grade six. If I remembered nothing go right with our relationship as classmate. He was my first crush during my elementary days, I remember how he always make me cry during the time. I remember how he spoke word into me in front of everybody else. I remember it all. We never had the time to speak even a little single word without fighting with each other. Until graduation we never had. And now his here and te lling me if he have the chance. Normally, I won’t forgive him for the past few years for what he has done. I don’t want to forgive him but my heart likes to. And I can’t even understand of all this years, why is the feeling of long old love was coming back again? But then time gives me chance to think of. And I really found out what it has to be. That my classmate is my real one true love for that I have realized that: On our situation of my best friend, we have the very big chance but fate decide. And give me the real answer. And time gave me realization to know what is meant to be. Name: Mariflor B. Villanueva Essay no: 4 Date: December 6 2012 â€Å"My Ambition† I was young when I tell many of my ambition in life. One I must tell, I wanted to be a teacher because, I wanted to wrote on the board and make my student copy what I write. I also told my mom that I wanted to become a scientist someday because I wanted to be famous and known as a knowledgeable person. Some days, I shouted I wanted to become a business woman it because, I wanted to hold money. I wanted to be a house designer because I wanted to create my own house. I wanted to become a fashion designer it because, I want to make some gowns and wedding dress. So many to mention when I was kid. Too many ambition and many reasons why I wanted to be something like that. Imagine. When I was kid I have many dreams and ambition having some many reasons to tell. I am a dreamer girl when I was kid. But now how, I wonder so many things. I questioned all what I have said during my days of childhood. I don’t want to be a teacher because what I heard nowadays is just: â€Å"just take education, you don’t have enough knowledge† what they mean is that teachers nowadays is just not that famous now. I don’t wish to be scientist for I already know, I can’t be a knowledgeable person. I will never take the path of being a business woman because I don’t know math at all. I will never wish to be a house designer for I am no good at sketching a house. And most. I never imagined myself being a fashion designer for that I donâ €™t wanted anymore to take that job for I believe it wasn’t my future. I have nothing now. I have nothing now to say what I wanted to be in the near future. I can’t just imagined myself of a perfect ambition. All my dreams in my childhood days fade away and if I’m a dreamer in my childhood days, now I feel I am now so useless of the community to think what I wanted. I don’t feel like I belong to any course I have think. Now I am just a little girl without a dream for her future. Until I accidentally broke a glass. I saw the glass shinning when it is in the sun. I imagined it as a diamond sparkling. And the idea came to my mind. How about if, I try to make it a jewellery? Like necklace? It is nice to have an own sketched necklace right? So I took the broken glass I search some metals that can be fold, and an old rope of necklace. I took some help with my uncle for chaining the pattern I did. And he well made it very nice. At the end, I was so happy it was my own crafted jewellery. Starting that day, I decided to be a jewellery designer. Not because I am inspired doing some Jewellery, or just I wanted to be famous in e veryone, but now†¦ I suddenly realized how to have a good ambition and reason. My reason that, I wanted to became a jewellery designer someday not because of anything but I do want to become jewellery designer because, I want someday to see people wearing my designs around their neck, their arms, their finger, and such many else. I wanted to become a merely jewellery designer to see how people love my designs. That was my ambition and my reasons for why I liked to become what I am dreaming now. Name: Najeeb A. Imam Essay no: 3 Date: December 6 2012 â€Å"To be the Highest† When I was young, I said to myself that I wanted to be having the highest position. Highest that No one will reach me as I am. And that I thought that to be the highest I must need to be the President of this country. To rule anyone, to make this country more successful more than any Other country. But I was wrong knowing out that to be a president you’re not consider as a high Person. I realized inside myself. So I change what I wanted. And now, I said to be the highest I need to be a successful doctor. Because doctor saves life. Doctor saves many lives of human. Without a doctor everyone will be sick and there will be more people dying. But realizing to be A doctor is not the path in a way to be the highest. But what I had realize this pass few years that To be one of the highest person, you don’t need to be a president, doctor, scientist, engineer or What so ever. Because I realized, to be the highest person, you must have to be a teacher for everyone. In order To be a successful man, I need to be a teacher. Because teacher is the highest position all this Time. Why teacher? Maybe you’re wondering my teacher? Well it because, without a teacher, There will no presidents, no engineer, no scientist, no doctor, and no one. Because to be in one Great position, you would first need to learn something. To have a knowledge in order to be a Successful man. All o the knowledge of the workers now, is well made by a great teacher. A Great teacher that lead them to the right path. A nice teacher that teach everything in to her/his Student. That is why, I decided to be someday, I wanted to be a teacher. Not just an ordinary teacher but I wanted to be the teacher of everyone. Who will teach, and lead everyone in the right path. I I wanted to be a teacher it because for me teacher is the best. For me no one would ever compare The value of a teacher to the value of other. For teacher, knows the best, teacher lead the way, a teacher who’s gonna lead her/his student in The right path. A teacher that everybody loves. And if someday I will be a successful teacher I promised that I will teach the value of a teacher. Name: Najeeb A. Imam Essay no: 4 Date: December 6 2012 â€Å"To write† If you wanted to write a something, a poem, a paragraph, or an essay, how did you write freely? Do you usually, express you’re feeling at what you are writing? Or do you just write too Generally? If you will ask me how I write or how I wrote just like this, I would tell you that just write what You feel, and write like youâ⠂¬â„¢re just sharing. Don’t be so afraid if you will commit a mistake Don’t be shy for its everybody face mistake. If you wanted to write nicely that you want to show The world what have written don’t be so afraid. Because it is not in grammar, or penmanship, Can test how really good you are in writing or expressing idea. It is not tested by how you wrote Long, or how many incredible word do you know, but definitely it is not tested on how you’ve Written a thousand words. To test that you are good in writing, is not based on how you wrote your essay, your poem, your Paragraph. But the real question here is that†¦ How many people have been interested to read what you have written? How many of them Appreciate it? How many of them did tell you you’re writing is amazing. The question is how Many readers did you gain when you shared you’re essay? Are they are few? Or they are just as Many? Because in writing essay, a thousand word is not the point. A beautiful penmanship is not the Requirements here. But it is the one that commonly tested here is by how you’re e ssay your Poem, your paragraph, inspired other? Essay is tested by which you write the importance of your Topic. Essay depend in what is its components and substance. An essay, depends to what larger Meaning you have according to the topic. An essay depends to what it its substance. If it has a good meaning, or it just an essay that have nonsense things. If I am about to ask you, What contains your essay? Are you that willing to say that you’re essay is nice and meaningful? Or you will just crumpled it because you didn’t write at all instead you just earn some thousand Word that has no meaning at all. My dearest reader, of this essay that I wrote, I hope you all get what’s my point in here. I hope That you get what I said and what I had taught you. That a real essay don’t contain million words Or beautiful penmanship, but a real essay is one of the great things, that no matter how short Your essay is†¦ if you have the most meaningful one then don’t be shy. For once again, essay is not to earn a million words but essay is for the a better meaning that Insp ire other to write some. Name: Kins Jonas Go Essay no: Date: December 6 2012 â€Å"Cellphone† As our worlds began to change to be a modern one, many have change. So many things that help Us through our daily living, electricity, transportation, and technology. It is good to think we are Now totally modern. That through the years we all now have the change. And one proof of it is the cell phone we use. Don’t you think the maker of cell phones is clever? Because in some other way, he/she used to invented a very interesting one. A very useful one to Us. Because without this technology maybe we are having hardships through communication. If there were no phones, can you imagine life? Well I think no right? Because our modern world Now is, full of phones. Everywhere you can see it. And maybe half of our population now is Having a phones now. Can you imagine how important phones are? Can you imagine how they are important to people Now? Students! For students like me, it is important because I used to used phones from my Daily living. Because the benefits that it gives me is very helpful to me. Very helpful that you Can call if there is emer gency. You can take communication when you miss your mom or your Dad when they are far away. Using cell phones you don’t worry that much with communication. So it is. Indeed phones are useful but in any other way it was harmful. Why? It because some User of phones use phones in a harmful one. They used phones for blackmails for someone, they Used phones to bully someone, they used phones to harm someone. The phones are not just safe. Because in any other way, it has a harmful effects that affect Everyone. When the phone made the user addicted so much, some possibilities may occur that a students Who use phones will destroy his path in studies. That was a negative effect to a students. Someytimes or somehow I wanted to warn everyone that one thing has a limitation. It couldn’t Be good forever. Like phones. Phones brings harmful and useful effect into us. Name: Kins Jonas Go Essay no: 4 Date: December 6 2012 â€Å"A diary† What is a diary? Did you ever tried to write one? How was the feeling of keeping a diary? Did you use to let everyone read it? Or do yo u just kept it secretly. A diary is something that a holds to the memories you write each and every day. A diary that Holds so many secret beyond loves, llife, and many more. A diary is something that you write Late at night. A diary is something that holds half personality of someone. And I ever tried to read one. I have already read the diary of Anne Marie Frank. A teen ager girl Who is a Jew. Do you know that at the very young age, Anne use to write diary, a diary that Touches the heart of the readers. A diary that inspired other to write one. As I open and read her diary, I thought she only wrote what’s happening into her daily Life. But I was wrong finding it. Because what she had written is that the memories, of Daily events of her life. That somehow, in her life, and at the very young age, she did to kept A very interesting diary. That how I wished someday, I could just write a diary that inspire others. And if I ever Gonna start to write a diary, I would definitely write the memories I can keep forever. That I can keep until I grew old. That someday when I wrote one I swear that I can inspire everyone Who reads it. That may will listed me to the famous journalist who had left a diaries. And in order to be one of them, starting today, I will never be†¦ afraid to have wrong grammar For that I believe that everybody commits mistake like I do. And isn’t it were you commit Mistake there you gain a little correction? That you’ll learn. And I suddenly realized too that To kept a diary burdens sometimes the problems you feel deep inside. That when you don’t have A friend to be trust you just can’t help but to wrote what you have feel deep inside. That how ever you can assure the you’re secret is safe right?