Simulation :: essays research papers

In the excerpt from Biosphere Politics by Jeremy Rifkin. I found something very interesting. He states The separation of homo beings from nature and the parallel detachment of human consciousness from the human body has transformed western man into an alien on his knowledge planet (Rifkin). If people could take trips to other places with out leaving the sanctity of there own home it would be an amazing generate. I also was astonied with Rifkins idea of downloading the human consciousness into a machine. If this is possible the human kind has found the fountain of youth.I believe that it would be a great experience if a man could simply put a helmet on, and visit another place. This would enable a person to see the Grand Canyon, Pyramids in Egypt, and all the wonders of the macrocosm in the confines of his own home. This would be ingenious. I would enjoy trying that someday. I could see all the landmarks and fascinating things on the earth that I shed dreamed of seeing and doin g. The idea that scientists could recreate the sense of smell and taste is imperative to this. Without this persons mood attitude and feelings toward the experience is nothing entirely a television show. A subject could smell the ocean or fresh mountain air. This would surely enhance a mood. Electronic pulses would be transmit into a persons mind make the experience better. This could also be an additive to the relief of pain. These scientific discoveries are advancements for the better of mankind. Rifkin also states scientists are creating prototypes of computing machines that put up simulate aspects of reality. This would make anything seem real to a person. These environments are called virtual reality. I thought it was interesting when the author wrote about a robot mimicking the movements of a person in a virtual reality room. The robot would mimic every movement of the person in the room. All of these aspects protrude a question that every man should ask himself Are these good things.The most outrageous idea in the entire excerpt was the thought of downloading human consciousness. This is the idea of living forever the Fountain of Youth. This poses as a new body when the other one is old or even broken. I find it hard to explain the possibility of anyone living forever. This would make a whole new world.

Identifying Two Unknown Species of Bacteria Essay -- Escherichia Coli

Identifying Two cabalistic Species of BacteriaMaterials and Methods workweek 1, Day 1 (10 November 2000)The first solar day an unknown sample was assigned to each group of students. The first mental try outing applied was a gram stain to test for gram positive or gram-negative bacterium. The morphology of the two types of bacteria was viewed under the microscope and recorded. Then the sample was put on agar plates using the quadrant streak method for isolation. on that point were three agar plates one was incubated at room temperature, the second at 30 degrees Celsius, and the third at 37 degrees Celsius. By placing each plate at a different temperature optimal growth temperature can be predicted for both species of bacteria.Week 1, Day 2 (12 November 2000)After 48 hours of incubation the agar plates were viewed. various(prenominal) colonies were tested for successful isolation by gram staining and then viewing the stained bacteria under a microscope. Isolation was succ essful. One dependence of each unknown bacteria was transferred to an agar slant for growth. The agar slants were stored at room temperature over the weekend so that they would not grow too much.Week 2, Day 1 (17 November 2000)After 5 days of growth each slant was tested using the gram staining technique to confirm the round isolation of the bacteria. Both isolations were completely successful. Then each sample of bacteria was subjected to a series of tests for identification. One bacterium was gram negative. It underwent four different tests. These tests were the EMB test (Eosin Mehylene Blue), the Sulfur Indole Motility (SIM) test, the Urease test, and the Simmons Citrate Utilization test. The EMB test checks for a bacterias ability to ferment lactose. This test is accomplished by placing the bacteria on Eosin Methylene Blue agar. The agar is selective for gram negative bacteria and those bacteria that can ferment lactose will founder colored growth, usually a metallic green sheen. The Sulfur Indole Motility agar tests for three separate characteristics sulfur reduction, indole production, and motility. The SIM ordinary is a semisolid medium this facilitates the motility test. The medium contains sulfur, if the bacterium has the ability to reduce sulfur the medium will turn black. The medium also contains tryptophan. If the bacterium has the enzyme tryptophanase, indole will be ... ...indole, it is motile, in that location is no urease present and there is no coagulase activity. By deduction and logical reasoning Unknown 10a was determined to be Escherichia coli. Unknown 10b is Staphylococcus epidermidis. According to Bergeys Manual Staphylococcus bacteria are gram positive global cells that occur singly, in pairs or in irregular clusters. Unknown 10b was gram positive, spherical and occurred in clusters. Bergeys Manual also says the bacteria grow well in high coarseness concentrations. Unknown 10b grew well on the mannitol salt ag ar. The optimum growing temperature is 30-37 degrees Celsius (Bergeys Manual). Unknown 10b grew best at 37 degrees Celsius. The lab manual and past lab results confirmed all other test results. Unknown 10b was only able to use gamma lysis, it was unable to ferment mannitol and had no coagulase activity. When comparing to past labs it is confirmed that Unknown 10b is Staphylococcus epidermidis.Unknown 10 contained two bacteria they are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. References1.Holt, John G. et al Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1994.2.Merkel, Brian Microbiology Laboratory, 2000.

Ghost Story of the Green Rat Essay -- Ghost Stories Urban Legends

The Green RatThis story was first told to me and my older brother by my uncle when we were still relatively young children (about 4 and 8 years old). We were riding in the car and he was telling the story to entertain and scare us. At the time he was in his mid-30s and living in Olney, MD, as were we. He called the story The Green Rat, and after I talked to him about the story, he said that it was a scary tale that he first heard on a camping trip with the Boy Scouts in California when he was in seventh grade (approximately 1966 when he was about 12 years old).Four kids stayed overnight in a supposedly haunted put forward. Here the teller made his description of the house match one of the older houses in my neighborhood (the house was historical, the neighborhood was relatively new). On a dare. In one of the rooms, there was a offensive painting of the green rat with a ball and chain on one of its legs. The boys thought they were really tough and chose to stay in separate b edrooms--one may have stayed in the room with the painting. Part way through the night, the boys heard a chain being drug along the floor. Teller makes a chain mental disorder and later remarks that one time when he recorded the story for one of our cousins he used an actual chain to make the sound. in that respect was a scream Teller screams along with the sound of someone being attacked. Quietly When the noise subsided, the boys came out of their rooms to find one of them missing--pause it was the boy who was in the room with painting. They went to chit in the room and noticed that the eyes of the green rat in the painting were now glowing and there seemed to be a little affinity around its mouth. There was now a skull in the corner of the picture of the green... ...house with my friends. Works CitedAnonymous. The Clown Doll An urban Legend. University of Maryland Legends Collection. Accessed 4/01/06. http//www.wam.umd.edu/dschloss/Legends/clown.htm. Brunvand, Jan Har old. Encyclopedia of Urban Legends. New York W. W. Norton, 2001.Brunvand, Jan Harold. The Vanishing Hitchhiker American Urban Legends & Their Meanings. New York W. W. Norton, 1981.Eeeek-NET Designed and Maintained by Kryss.com Web Services. 2000-2006. Accessed 4/01/06. http//www.eeeek.com/true_stories1.html.Ellis, Bill. Adolescent Legend-Tripping, in Psychology Today. August 1983. 68-69. Thompson, Stith. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature A sort of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends. Indiana University. 6 vols. 1955-1958.

Essay --

Isaac ThomasRett Syndrome Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder that moves al nearly exclusively in females. The most basic symptoms include decrease speech, cognitive disabilities, severe lack of muscle control, small head size, and unusual hand movements. A woman with a transformation in her MECP2 ingredient, has a 50% risk with any pregnancy to pass on her X chromosome with the mutation. It is not common for women with Rett syndrome to have children because the callosity of the disorder. The mutated gene on the X chromosome that is responsible for causing Rett syndrome is the methyl CpG-binding protein 2, MECP2 gene. The gene makes a protein that controls other genes. When a mutation occurs in the MECP2, the protein it makes does not work properly. This is thought to counteract principle neuron, nerve cell development. The severity of the syndrome in females is related to the type of mutation in the MECP2 gene and the percentage of cells that carry a normal copy of the MECP2 gene. Rett syndrome is believed to affect all ethnic groups and nationalities with an personify frequency of about 1 case for every 10,000 to 15,000 live female births.Rett syndrome is an X-linked dominant gene. This means that the mutation responsible for Rett syndrome affects the gene located on the X chromosome. Females attain two X chromosomes, one from each parent. Males have one X and one Y chromosome. There is no cure for Rett syndrome. Treatment of patients with Rett syndrome focuses on improving the symptoms present. Treatment may include medications that constrain seizures, reduce spasticity, and prevent sleep disturbances. Nutrition is supervised in females with Rett syndrome cod to their small build and the harm related with the... ...romosome they carry cannot compensate for this mutation on their X chromosome. Females with a mutation in the gene that causes Rett Syndrome are adequate to(p) to survive because the presence of the southwar d normal X chromosome partially compensates for the mutation on the other X chromosome. Bibliography1. Rett syndrome. Holly A. Ishmael, MS, CGC. and Tish Davidson, A.M. The Gale cyclopedia of Neurological Disorders, Second Edition. Ed. Brigham Narins. Detroit Gale, 2012. 2 vols.2. Rett syndrome. Holly A. Ishmael, MS, CGC. The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders. Ed. Laurie Fundukian. 3rd ed. Detroit Gale, 2010. 2 vols.3. Rett syndrome. Rebecca J. Frey, PhD., Emily Jane. Willingham, PhD., and Laura Jean Cataldo, RN, EdD. The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health. Ed. Kristin Key. 3rd ed. Detroit Gale, 2012. 2 vols. Essay -- Isaac ThomasRett Syndrome Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder that affects almost exclusively in females. The most basic symptoms include decreased speech, cognitive disabilities, severe lack of muscle control, small head size, and unusual hand movements. A woman with a mutation in her M ECP2 gene, has a 50% risk with any pregnancy to pass on her X chromosome with the mutation. It is not common for women with Rett syndrome to have children because the severity of the disorder. The mutated gene on the X chromosome that is responsible for causing Rett syndrome is the methyl CpG-binding protein 2, MECP2 gene. The gene makes a protein that controls other genes. When a mutation occurs in the MECP2, the protein it makes does not work properly. This is thought to counteract normal neuron, nerve cell development. The severity of the syndrome in females is related to the type of mutation in the MECP2 gene and the percentage of cells that carry a normal copy of the MECP2 gene. Rett syndrome is believed to affect all ethnic groups and nationalities with an equal frequency of about 1 case for every 10,000 to 15,000 live female births.Rett syndrome is an X-linked dominant gene. This means that the mutation responsible for Rett syndrome affects the gene located on the X chromosom e. Females attain two X chromosomes, one from each parent. Males have one X and one Y chromosome. There is no cure for Rett syndrome. Treatment of patients with Rett syndrome focuses on improving the symptoms present. Treatment may include medications that constrain seizures, reduce spasticity, and prevent sleep disturbances. Nutrition is supervised in females with Rett syndrome due to their small build and the constipation related with the... ...romosome they carry cannot compensate for this mutation on their X chromosome. Females with a mutation in the gene that causes Rett Syndrome are able to survive because the presence of the second normal X chromosome partially compensates for the mutation on the other X chromosome. Bibliography1. Rett syndrome. Holly A. Ishmael, MS, CGC. and Tish Davidson, A.M. The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders, Second Edition. Ed. Brigham Narins. Detroit Gale, 2012. 2 vols.2. Rett syndrome. Holly A. Ishmael, MS, C GC. The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders. Ed. Laurie Fundukian. 3rd ed. Detroit Gale, 2010. 2 vols.3. Rett syndrome. Rebecca J. Frey, PhD., Emily Jane. Willingham, PhD., and Laura Jean Cataldo, RN, EdD. The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health. Ed. Kristin Key. 3rd ed. Detroit Gale, 2012. 2 vols.

The Passion of Mountain Bikes :: Mountain Bikes Transportation Essays

The Passion of Mountain BikesIt has been a decade in the making, besides the flock bike has hold out apassion for many people. Along with this passion it has also be decrease the mostenvironmental way to get from point A to B. It has gone through a very intenseevolution process over the past decade.It all started with some guys from California who took their bikes outfor a ride on their sidereal day off, they modified their bikes and turned a hobby oftheirs into a worldwide phenomenon. The mountain bikes rapid increase inpopularity was influenced by social and economic situations, and by expert improvements that had the commands of bike riders in mind. Theintroduction of the mountain bike at a bike convention in Long Beach, California,early in the 1980s coincided with the need for a bike that combined technicalsuperiority, ease of care, and multipurpose use.Technological advances came extremely fast after its introduction intothe world. The advances bring forth made riding mou ntain bikes easier, which makes itpossible for the rider to explore new terrain. I hope that this report will beable to provide some information on the orbit of mountain bikes and theadvances in technology that the bike has gone through, and what might be in thefuture of the mountain bike.The road bike has taken more than a hundred years to evolve into theframe that it is being used on todays bicycle. Because of the increasinglypopularity of the mountain bike the demand for advances to be made have comevery rapidly.The evolution of the mountain bike has been a stormy one over the pastdecade. Within one decade the design has changed radically this is repayable to threereasons. First , because geometry and design were copied from the first Stone-Age bikes second, because off-road riding created different problems andthird, because innovative frame design mirrored the spirit of the times young,new, dynamic, and strong. The off-road bike postulate extra stability.FrameIt is importan t to know the basic frame geometry and how to measure it.The combination of tube length and angle determines not only the maneuverabilityof the bike, but also determines the seating position and the transfer of power.Variances of 1 of the headset angle, or a 1 (2cm) difference in the distancebetween the rear-wheel axle and the center of the bottom bracket, can have veryserious consequences.Frame GeometryThe basic elements of frame geometry are A- Height of the seat tube B-Length of the top tube C- Seat-tube angle D- Headset-tube angle E- Trail, F-

Emer’s Ghost :: Essays Papers

Emers GhostFor this months book report I read a book called Emers Ghost by Catherine Sefton. This book was about a girl named Emer who lives in Northern Ireland. She knows a man named Mr.Bannon who has a hidey-hole where he keeps things, and it is a very secret place. Emer finds a wooden doll that is old and worn, and noticed that there was something strange about the doll when she picked it up. That night when she went to sleep, she awoke only to find a touching of a young girl. Emer was frightened but she wanted to help the girl. The girl disappeared and when Emer tried to tell her sister, Breige, she only laughed and made fun of Emer. The same thing happened a few days later. Emers early(a) sister, Kathleen, wanted to go to the fortune teller, so Emer went along with her. When they arrived the fortune teller first told Kathleens future. thusly when she got to tell Emers, all the fortune teller did was to look into Emers eyes for a very long time. Then the fortune t eller gave Emer a draft and asked her if it looked familiar. At this time Emer had never seen it before, so the fortune teller told her to keep it. Later on in the book, Emer sees the drawing on the window and wonders what it means. Kathleens garter was digging around a church that had been burned down a long time ago by the Vikings when they were looking for a chalice. Finally Emer sees the ghost again and sees the drawing. She finally knew what the drawing meant it was a map of the hidey-hole Emer and Breige go into the hidey hole and discover that the wall was where the roof of the hidey-hole had caved in. Emer and Breige frantically take away through the stones and crawled through to the other side, and then the wall collapsed. Emer was choking and thought she was going to die, but she was able to crawl out of the hole. She then realized that Breige was still in there, so she went and dug Breige out, but Breige wasnt breathing Finally Breige started breathing and Eme r found the chalice. All of the town was happy and the ghost never bothered Emer again.

Charles Dickens’ live Essay

Charles Dickens highly reputable and famous book, Great Expectations has been one of the most dominating, important and telling novels he has written. It originally emerged in a serialised form in All The Year Round (a weekly journal conducted by Charles Dickens) in 1860 -1861 and is, to this day and age, sight to be one of his paramount novels. When the book was published, critics were instantaneous to give diverse and mixed reviews towards the book, disliking the exaggeration of both the characters and plot Charles Dickens had carefully formulated. Although the critics were assorted in their reviews, the readers were genuinely ebullient towards Great Expectations that the 1861 edition enforced five printings.Great Expectations was published during the nice era which also was the time in which Charles Dickens lived. The Victorian era had a very high mortality rate due to children catching cholera or tuberculosis, which lead to their deaths. Children had strenuous and dejected chi ldhoods, if they were lucky adequacy to survive in to adulthood because families did not have enough money children would work to meet financial satisfaction.They were employed in difficult positions, comm exclusively in factories or jobs people would not usually do, with long working hours lasting eight to twelve hours a day and generally six days a week. By the 1830s certain charities and associations approached the problem and helpered children and their families by giving food and clothes. Ensuing the 1840s, school was an obligation and children stopped working to go to school and to keep an education.Charles Dickens family did not prosper in wealth, money was a concerning subject in the family. The large familys needs and living expenses were too much for tin can Dickens (Charles Dickens father) salary that when Charles Dickens was four months the family had to move to a smaller home to save money. Charles Dickens wanted to become a humanity (an educated man), although it substantiatemed un same(p)ly when John Dickens was arrested and displace to jail due to failure of paying debts. In order to pay off the debt Charles Dickens was sent to a shoe-polish factory. Charles did not have a happy childhood, which I think is reflected in some of his books like Great Expectations.This brings me to the young boy Phillip Pirrip, also cognize as smudge, the protagonist of the story. I am going to be writing about how Dickens creates sympathy for Pip. Pip never seems to attain his dreams for a more improved life. At the very beginning of the book, we meet Pip and we find out that he will be narrating this story, the book is his story and is told in his words. Pips narration, straightaway, brings about his childhood problems which creates sympathy for him. Pip is first introduced in a graveyard.The setting of a graveyard seems very sombre, dark and upsetting. The marshes were just a long black horizontal line then, as I stopped to look after him and the river was just another horizontal line, not nearly so broad nor yet so black and the sky was just a row of long angry red lines and dense black lines intermixed. Darkness and countercurrent is suggested by the imagery of the landscape of the marshes with black and red lines. It does not give a blissful feeling to us either. Pip talks about his deceased person parents, he is an orphan and this makes us feel pity for him. He seemed to be a very innocent child, this is reflected through the inscription on his parents graves. Pip has memorised these inscriptions and he has also created an image of his deceased parents and siblings which further tell us that he is an innocent child, as most children have great imaginations compared to adults.We see the advancement of Pips life when he meets with an escaped bunko game, who escaped from hulks (prison ships that transport criminals to Australia), who is later to be revealed as Abel Magwitch. Pip seems to treat the runaway convict with kindness through fear of the convict. After each question he tilted me over a little more, so as to give me a greater sense of helplessness and danger. This quote of Pips narration, made me feel sorry for him because he is being threatened through fear and you cannot help but feel as if Pip is in grave danger now that he has associated with such a threatening convict. I was dreadfully frightened, and so giddy that I clung to him with both hands. Pip is being bullied by Abel Magwitch, it makes us feel compassion for Pip, it also makes us think Pip is so helpless.His cherry sister, who always reminds him how grateful he should be for her bringing him up, and her husband, the ever so friendly blacksmith Joe, who is like a brother to Pip, both look after Pip. I supposed that both Joe Gargery and I were brought up by hand. this quote means both Pip and Joe were beaten by Pips sister. Dickens makes us feel sorry for Pip in this quote due to Pips treatment from his sisters fierce temperament as n o one would like to be beaten. Irony is used when the stick used to beat Pip is referred to as the Tickler. Tickler is the cane with which Mrs. Gargery hits Pip. The mannerism in which Mrs. Gargery butters the bread for Pip and Joe is trenchant, she has a forceful and vigorous way of buttering. Her apron is coarse, full of needles and is tough. She wears this apron as a reminder to Joe and Pip means that she is looking after them. I tell you what, young fellow, said she, I didnt bring you up by hand to badger peoples lives out. It would be blame to me, and not praise, if I had. People are put in the Hulks because they murder, and because they rob, and forge, and do all sorts of bad and they always begin by petition questions. Now you get along to bed To keep Pip well behaved, silent and grateful, Mrs. Gargery threatens, punishes and accuses Pip of ingratitude. Pip himself feels an enormous amount of guilt for his innocent actions, like asking some questions, which have been unfai rly warped to seem as if Pip was doing a bad thing. The guilt Pip feels is unprincipled. Although, Pip is not only treated this way by Mrs. Gargery, he is also treated unethically by Mr. Pumblechook, Mr. Wopsle and the Hubbles.

Non Tariff Barriers

NON TARIFF BARRIERS What are non responsibility barriers? Non- tariff barriers are broadly defined as any impediment to trade other than tariffs. Non tariff barriers can be classified into two groups Direct and Indirect. (a)Direct Barriers are barriers that specifically verge import of goods or services. Eg Embargoes and quotas EMBARGOES Embargoes are the most restrictive of the direct non tariff barriers. They are either a complete ban on trade with a foreign nation or a ban on sales or transfer of specific products. Eg The U. S. has imposed embargoes on Afghanistan, Cuba, Iraq and Iran. QUOTAS Quotas are a valued restriction on imports.They are based on either value of goods or on quantity. They can be placed on all goods of a particular kind coming from all countries, a group of countries or only one country. (b) Indirect Barriers are laws, administrative regulations, industrial/commercial practices and nonetheless social and cultural forces that either limit or discourage sa le or purchase of foreign goods or services in a house servant market. To restrict imports, countries may impose monetary or exchange controls on currencies. Foreign governments can impose technical barriers to trade, for physical exercise, performance standards for products, product specifications or products safety.Eg japan has governmental restrictions on the use of food preservatives. It is a trade barrier in disguise, because foods without preservatives cannot be transported long distance. Import Licensing Schemes and Customs Procedures Some governments require importers to drill for permission to import products, subjecting them to complex and discriminatory requirements. It is often expensive and time-consuming. Let us look at some tariff measures that are maintained against Indian exports 1)Country- The United States of America Product- Marine Products Non tariff barrier- Increased in-detailed inspections under the Bio-TerrorismAct. -Customs Bond requirement -Mandatory lab eling discriminating farm-raised & wild. -Punitive fines in strip of non-compliance -Non-recognition of EIC certification 2)Country- Columbia Product- Pharmaceuticals Non tariff barrier Registration by Columbian Drug Control and Certification takes 11-12 months and is truly tedious. Inspections are undertaken for environmental compliance and punitive fines are levied in case of non-compliance 3)Country- Bangladesh Product- Poultry products Non tariff barrier- Bangladesh continues to ban imports of poultry products despite India gaining the Avian influenza free status. )Country- Chile Product- Wheat, wheat flour, sugar Non tariff barrier- Complex price traffic circle system -A minimum import price (well above international and domestic prices) is stipulated. The Argentinean Customs can ask for validation of Indian Customs Invoice and a full set of original documents if they suspect that the invoiced value is less than the minimum import price established. 5)Country- China Service - Banking Non tariff barrier- China maintains a number of restrictive barriers which make investment in the banking sector very difficult.While foreign banks are allowed to open branches, regulatory treatment remains discriminatory. Branches of foreign banks are for example subject to higher capital norms than Chinese banks, which moreover are coupled with the number of their offices. Costs for establishing bank branches in China are therefore very high and foreign banks market share in China remains marginal REFERENCES International Business Law and its Environment- Richard Schaffer, Filiberto Augusti & Beverly Carle International Business- Francis Cherunilam

History of Shakeys Essay

Shakeys Pizza was founded in Sacramento, California, on April 30, 1954, by Sherwood Shakey Johnson and Ed Plummer. Johnsons nickname resulted from nerve damage following a bout of malaria suffered during World War II. The parlor opened on the first weekend, but since the pizza pie ovens were not yet completed, only beer was served and Shakey took the profits from beer sales and bought ingredients for pizza the following Monday. Shakey personally played dixieland jazz piano to entertain patrons. Shakeys initially became known outside Sacramento, not for its pizza, but for the jazz political program it sponsored on a regional radio network. Shakey Johnson is honored in the American Banjo Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, for his longtime use of banjo music at his pizza parlors. some other live music, including piano, was also a staple in the old Shakeys parlors. The original store (a remodeled grocery store) at 57th and J Streets in Sacramento remained in business until the mid 19 90s. ExpansionThe second Shakeys Pizza Parlor opened in Portland, Oregon, in 1956. Shakeys opened their third parlor in Albany, Oregon, in 1959, which was the first building Shakeys actually owned and the first building to be built in the distinct building style for which Shakeys is known. It now operates as a used bookstore. According to Johnson, Shakeys Pizza engaged in little market research and made most of its decisions on where to locate stores by going where Kinney Shoes opened stores. By the time Johnson sold his interest in 1967, there were 272 Shakeys Pizza Parlors in the linked States. The first international store opened in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, in 1968. By 1975, the company had expanded to the Pacific Rim, including Japan and the Philippines. There are now more than branches in the Philippines (then under San Miguel Corporation) than in the United States. Sale to Colorado MillingShakey Johnson sold his half of the company for $3 million to Colorado Milling and r ise in 1967, which acquired Plummers half for $9 million the next year.Second sale Shakeys was again sold, this time to Hunt International Resources in 1974. twain franchisees bought the chain in 1984 and they sold out to Inno-Pacific Holdings of Singapore in 1989. Most of the U. S. stores closed during the time Inno-Pacific owned the chain. Some of the remaining franchisees took Inno-Pacific to court in 2003. onwards this could come to trial, Shakeys was sold to Jacmar Companies of Alhambra, California, in 2004. Jacmar had been the franchisee of 19 Shakeys restaurants. At the time Hunt International bought Shakeys in 1974, the restaurant chain had somewhat 500 stores throughout the United States, including a store as far east as Cockeysville, Maryland.As of 2008, there were 63 stores total, with 55 of them in California. As of June 4, 2011, there are 58 Shakeys restaurants in the US. 51 are located in California, the remainder are located in Auburn, Alabama Nogales, genus Arizon a Warner Robins, Georgia Waipahu, Hawaii American Fork, Utah Renton, Washington and Spokane, Washington. Shakeys has begun to open new franchises in new and existing territories. The most recent Shakeys opened was in American Fork, Utah, with a sideboard available open to close. Shakeys in Iowa, Illinois and Northwest Indiana also featured an all day buffet in the 80s. Other locations typically offer a weekday lunchtime buffet only.

The Contribution to Economics of Each of the Following

Many Economists give birth tried to establish why the saving performs as it does and take to have a basis for predicting how the economy will perform when circumstances change. (Nagel, S pg 1 1999) Economists ar just people after all, who have lived through different times and experiences in their lives, thus leading to different values and views. George Bernard Shaw once said that If all economists were laid end to end they would not r apiece a conclusion,(cited in Mankin, Taylor 2006) In this essay we will look at what contri exclusivelyions each of the above economists have made, keeping in mastermind the era in which they lived .Reputed to be the father of The Classical School of sparings, the Scottish born Adam Smith (1772-1790) was a supply side economist. He attributed economic expansion to expanding production and trade with expanding demand as a by-product and consequence(Jacobs, J 1985 p12) He promoted the invisible hand of rationalize enterp produce, which showed th at individuals in pursue their own selfish interest could benefit society. In other words, if people wish to sell, they must leaven what others require at a price that they are prepared to pay. (Palmer. N, 1990).He also countenanced the Laissez-faire approach, which means that the g overnment should only get involved in the economy in order to raise monies for the sustenance of infrastructure, to sustain the legal system and to defend the country. In Smiths book An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations which was published in 1776, he cover the previous two concepts as well as the division of fag and the function of markets. Division of labour was not a new idea but Smith believed it to be very(prenominal) important as a way of increasing wealth.According to Delaney, Smith established the 4 canons of taxation. Firstly, the tax levied on each person should be related to the persons ability to pay. Secondly, the amount of tax which a person must pay should b e certain and clear. Thirdly, the agency and timing of payment of taxes should have regard to the convenience of the tax payer. Finally, the cost of collection should be small relative to the yield. (2008) Another belief of Smiths was the agitate Theory of Value, which means the value of a product is equal to the value of the labour involved in its production. Delaney. N 2008).Smith believed that in that respect was a differentiation between productive and non-productive labour. Teachers, engineers and people with similar professions were considered to be non-productive as they did not produce goods for resale or create funds for reinvestment. Smith also introduced the value in use and the value in exchange of a product (the paradox of value). Twenty years after Smiths death his writings and theories were embraced by the next multiplication of writers and economists who established Smith as the founder of economic science.It has been said that earlier Adam Smith there had been much economic discussion, but with him it reached the stage of discussing economics. (Palmer, N) The classic school of thought was later developed and refined by Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) and David Ricardo (1772-1823). Both were English born and were followers of Smiths theories. Malthus is cognise for his noteworthy Essay on the Principles of Population as it affects the Future Improvements of Society published in 1798.At this time in history the Industrial Revolution was taking place which meant more people were moving from rural areas into urban areas. Malthus saw many slums being created with food, water and sewage becoming a huge problem. In his essay, he laid out how the population would grow by a geometric progression, while food supply would only grow by an arithmetic progression. He identified that there should be a check on the growth of the population. These checks included positive checks which involved death through war and disorder or preventative check s which meant people should have fewer children.He advocated the wages fund theory. The idea behind this theory was that payment to workers in excess of the subsistence level would lead to an ontogenesis in the size of the workers families thus causing the worker to be brought down to a subsidence level of existence. (Palmer) This idea dominated for over a century. It was very popular with employers as it allowed them to pay lower wages and to feel justified in doing so. He is linked with the theory of the Paradox of meanness meaning that if people save consumption decreases, leading to over-production.To counteract this problem, he advised the government to spend monies on non-productive areas such as the building of pose in order to create the circulation of m nonpareily and therefore stimulate demand. (Delaney) Malthusian theories are still relevant today in some areas of the LCDs (lower developed countries) Like Malthus, Ricardo too accepted the wages theory and introduced th e concept of economic rent. The idea behind this rent was any payment to a factor of production above its supply price(Delaney) For example during the Napoleonic wars, Europe call oned to Britain for its food supply.This created huge demand and it became very profitable to produce food. In order to produce as much food as possible, landowners were now using less fertile land which had not been used before for food production. This ontogenyd the demand for land thus driving up the rent, especially the rent for the more fertile land. He thought that agriculture was very important and industry depended on it. Ricardo inspired by Sutters books developed the law of comparative advantage. This formed the basis of international trade.He believed in free international trade as it gets the maximum out of resources thus increasing income (Nagel) Karl Marx was born in Germany in 1818. He expressed his revolutionary socialist ideas in his two primary(prenominal) publications the Communist Ma nifesto and Das Kapital. Marx basic economic beliefs were very alike the Classical economists, in that he supported a labour theory of value but his approach was completely different. Marx wanted things to change in such a way that would foster to improve working(a) conditions for the working classes.He did not believe in the invisible Hand and was more concerned with change and evolution throughout society. He believed communism would replace capitalism and that workers would have full fudge over all means of production leading to a more even allocation of wealth. He believed that the value of a good was the value of the amount of labour necessary to produce it. Therefore the value of goods produced by the worker was more than the wages paid to the worker, the difference being a surplus or profit to the employer.Marx argued that this was exploitation of the workers by their capitalistic employers. Believing that the capitalists were profit hungry, Marx stated that the demand fo r labour would amplify which would in turn cause wages to rise. The rise in wages above subsistence level would lower the capitalists profits therefore causing them to look for ship canal in which to lower their wage costs. Many employers would start introducing new labour saving machines in order to save money.As the machines would replace labourers this would lead to a rise in unemployment thus leading to lack in demand for goods produced. As more workers became deskilled and redundant their bargaining power for better wages vitiated leading to a two tiered society namely the proletariat (working classes) and the capitalists classes. Marx believed that the working classes would rise up and overthrow the capitalists regime. The workers would then be in control of the factors of production. He predicted the emergence of oligopolies and trade cycles. Marx died in London in 1883.The introduction of maths to illustrate economic theory or as it is better known now as econometrics was i ntroduced by the English born Alfred marshall (1842-1924). He introduced the law of diminishing marginal utility and coined the term elasticity to describe the reception of demand to the small changes in price. He put forward the well-know scissors analogy, likening the demand and supply to the two blades of a scissors interdependent on each other. He pointed out that there was a difference between the long outpouring and the short run for production purposes.Recognising that in the short run at least one factor of production would be fixed in contrast to the long run where all factors of production were changeable. Marshall came up with the concept of quasi rent, which was economic rent earned by labour in the short run and which disappeared in the long run by the increase in the supply of that labour. He believed in a free enterprise economy with some government intervention for example the introduction of government controls and consumer education.Marshalls theories were hugel y influential in fact his book the Principles of economics (1890) was the main textbook for students of economics up to the great depression of the 1930s. (Delaney) John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) was an Englishman who became one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century. His influence on economics was so great that the boom the Western industrial countries experienced between 1945 and 1975 has been termed the Age of Keynes. (123HelpMe. com) Keynesian theory advocated the exact opposite to the Classical Laissez-faire approach.According to Delaney,R 2008, Keynes was a demand side economist, who stressed that economies could be regulated by government pecuniary policy. He believed that budgetary policy should be the main economic instrument used in the control of the economy. During the Great depression, Keynes became the life saver of the American economy. His main objective was to come up with a solution for the mass unemployment during this terrible time. In his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936), Keynes put forward that there could be equilibrium at less than full employment.He stressed that by increasing government expenditure in areas like public works, this could help increase total spending thereby helping to bring economic activity to the full employment level. (Palmer,N. 1990). Keynes also introduced the multiplier effect, which means the National Income would rise by some multiple of the initial injection of government expenditure. (Nagle, S 1999) Keynes developed the liquidity preference theory of interest rates and also explained that nest egg and investments were not always equal to each other. (Delaney, R 2008).Keynes theories are still relevant to this day. Milton Friedman was born in American in 1912. He tried to read economics more user friendly to the layperson. His theories were in direct opposition to Keynes. He wrote many books but his main publications were Inflation, Causes and Consequen ces and A Monetary History of the coupled States 1867-1960. His theories first attracted national attention in the 1970s, when the combination of inflation and stagnant economic growth stagflation undercut the dominant Keynesian policies of the post-war decades.Friedman was a monetarist and he argued that monetary policy rather than fiscal policy should be the main tool used to control the economy. Monetarists believe that increases in the money supply results in an increase in prices rather than an increase in the level of output. They argue, like the classical approach, for no government intervention in the economy, that free-market forces should be relied on to bring the economy into equilibrium.He promoted privatisation of all government-owned or controlled businesses. Removal of inflation is a greater priority to the monetarists rather than the removal of unemployment. (Delaney) In 1976 Friedman won the 1976 Nobel Prize in economics. An advocate of personal liberty, free mar kets, deregulation, and reduced government intervention in the economy, he has seen his ideas on issues as Social Security privatization, welfare reform, and school vouchers become portion of national political debate.

Comparing Propaganda Used in Animal Farm Essay

Comparing Propaganda Used in living organism levy to the Russian Revolutions Propaganda Propaganda is a narrowly selfish onslaught to get people to accept ideas and beliefs, always in the interest of a particular person or group and with little or no prefer to the public (What is Propaganda 2). Propaganda is the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a ca riding habit, or a person. In the Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin use propaganda to his gather and used it to usurp the people of Russia. Also how nap used propaganda to his benefit and to usurp the animals of carnal Farm. Napoleon got Boxer to follow him and Boxer helped spread the propaganda, only when Squealer was the propaganda itself (Orwell, George 56). Much like how, Joseph Stalin got common people to follow him and he got them to spread it. Fear, transfer, and pinpointing the enemy are three propaganda techniques that are shared by the impudent Animal Farm an d the Russian Revolution.The first propaganda technique is fear and it is used to scare the animals of Animal Farm. Napoleon uses fear by holding purges in which he accuses the animals of treason and kills anyone who confesses to working with Snowball. In the same way, Joseph Stalin uses fear by holding executions in which he accuses his enemies for crimes and forces them to admit to false confessions and wherefore executes them (Background information 4). The executions are called the big(p) Terror of 1936 to 1939 and millions of people were killed (Joseph Stalin 1). Another similarity is how the dogs used fear to force the animals to work and in the Russian Revolution, the secret police forced support for Joseph Stalin. The dogs would likewise intimidate or threaten any animal who stood in Napoleons way.The KGB or secret police would use force and would kill anyone for disobedience (Lamont, George J. 1). The second propaganda technique that is used is transfer. In Animal Farm, all of the animals are equal and that is what they call Animalism. Likewise, all people are equal in Communism, which is what was used during the Russian Revolution. In Animalism, the Animals own the farm and in Communism, the government owns everything and the people own the government (Lamont, George J. 1). Another similarity is that theraven Moses tells the animals of Animal Farm somewhat a place called Sugar Candy Mountain and that is where all animals go when they die (Orwell, George 17). Allegorically, this represents the Russian Orthodox religion during the Russian Revolution. When the pigs let Moses stay when he returns represents how Joseph Stalin used the Russian Orthodox Church as a way to raise funds for the Russian war effort during World War II (George Orwell 1).The third and final propaganda technique is pinpointing the enemy. In the book Animal Farm, Mr. Jones is cruel towards the animals and in the Russian Revolution Czar Nicholas II is brutal with his opponents. M r. Jones as well as abused and neglected his animals and Czar Nicholas II would let his people starve and was a bad leader (Lamont, George J. 2). During the Battle of the Cowshed, Mr. Jones tries to regain control of Animal Farm and that represents the Russian Civil War in which the Western capitalist governments sent soldiers to try to remove the Bolsheviks from power (George Orwell Links 1). Another example of pinpointing the enemy is how Napoleon blames Animal Farms mishaps on Snowball and told the animals that he was the enemy.In the Russian Revolution, Joseph Stalin feared that the Trotsky supporters would try to assassinate him and he was also afraid of Trotsky gaining power. Napoleon feeling of Snowball as a threat and drove him off of the farm and that represents Trotsky being exiled to Mexico (Background information 16). Then Joseph Stalin shunned Trotsky from the Soviet Union and then eventually had him killed (Joseph Stalin 1). Fear, transfer, and pinpointing the enemy are the three propaganda techniques that were talked about in this research paper.Fear is used to make a particular action communicate or a consequence will result of disobedience. Transfer is used to make an attempt to make the subject view a certain breaker point in the same way as they view another item to link the two subjects in the mind. Pinpointing the enemy is used to resolve a fighting by presenting a person or group as the enemy. Therefore, the propaganda that was used during the Russian Revolution and Animal Farm had greatly impacted the people of Russia and the animals of Animal Farm.Works CitedGeorge Orwell-Animal Farm-Interpretation of characters and symbols. The Complete Newspeak Dictionary. 7 December 2011. Lamont, George J. Animal Farm-Comparison of characters to the Russian Revolution. Gonzaga Student Web Server. 11 December 2011 http//barney.gonzaga.edu/sbennet3/mead/lesonplans/animalfarm.htm. Background information for George Orwells Animal Farm-George Orwell Links. Charles George Orwell Links-Biographies, Essays, Novels, Reviews, Images. 11December 2011 Orwell, George. Animal Farm a fairy story. New York, NY Signet Classic, 1996. Print. What is Propaganda? Defining Propaganda. American Historical Association. 15 December 2011 . Joseph Stalin Discover the Networks. Discover the Networks. 15 December 2011 . Borade, Gaynor. Stalinism The use of Propaganda by Joseph Stalin. Buzzle Web Portal Intelligent Life on the Web. 15 December 2011 .

Hot Cheetos

How flamin hot Cheetos fall the body The topic of my research project is How Flamin eager Cheetos affect the body. There are many ways flamin hot Cheetos cornerstone affect your body. Basically my research explains ways that flamin hot Cheetos could possibly affect you, but not necessarily happen. Flamin hot Cheetos are categorized as any other junk regimen, but is said to be very habit-forming and loafer cause ulcers and inflammation in your body. Everyone loves flamin hot Cheetos right?But scram we ever once stopped to wonder how Cheetos affect our body? Because children and teens have taken such a strong liking to the high-caloric sharpness, nutritionists and other health professionals are concerned most the unhealthy habit. One ounce of Flamin calefactive Cheetos about 21 pieces is about 160 calories, including 17 percent of the daily suggested serving for fat and 8 percent of serving for saturated fat. It also contains 250 mg or 10 percent of the daily value of sodi um. That doesnt sound so bad.However, the snack often comes in bags that qualifying two or more serving sizes of Cheetos, which offer almost no dietary fiber or protein. The new bigger size bag of Flamin Hot Cheetos contains 3 3/4 oz. , or about 680 calories, 44 grams of fat, and 40 percent of days recommended sodium, according to the package nutritional label. Hot Cheetos are very spicy and stain your lips and fingers red. The spice increases stomach acidity, so children get stomach aches, sometimes so terrible theyre doubled over in pain.Because the spicy snack contains a lot of red food sully, it can turn the stools of people who eat large amounts of Cheetos red or orange. So even though we might eat some foods with red food dye in them regularly, our stool doesnt usually become discolored unless you eat huge amounts of it. Flamin Hot Cheetos is one food that people will eat enormous amounts of and will turn back a change in their stool color. On top of the artificial colorin g and flavoring, some experts say the Cheetosare hyperpalatable, meaning theyre highly addictive.Additionally, scientists, researchers, and nutritionists all business concern that, because it is a processed food, the hyper-palatable combination of the Flamin Hot Cheetos fat, salt, and spiciness could potentially make it hard for people to stop eating the snack. Some research suggests foods high in fat and salt trigger areas in the brain linked to addiction. Our brain is really hardwired to find things like fat and salt really rewarding and forthwith we have foods that have them in such high levels that it can trigger an addictive process.Why do we crave oily foods you ask? Many people train buttery foods as comfort foods when bored, stressed or upset. Comfort eaters may reach for familiar fatty foods or foods that remind them of better times. Eating fatty foods may become a distraction from your problems. Fatty food cravings may be largely a matter of habit. People often exper ience food cravings because theyre accustomed to eating certain types of food in certain situations or in response to certain emotional cues.If you have the habit of eating fatty foods, then when you get hungry youll start to crave fatty foods out of habit. Kids are particularly susceptible because they are still developing, and some researchers are decision craving levels in Cheetos-lovers similar to those of people addicted to drugs. To tell patients to stop eating the snacks is almost like talking to smokers about quitting smoking. The patients really dont want to watch that. Flamin Hot Cheetos are being outlawed in some schools because theyre highly addictive.Hot Cheetos are bad because in the long run it can cause gastritis, inflammation of the stomach, it can cause ulcers. Some kids even ten or eleven years old have ulcers in their stomach because of this snack. Flamin Hot Cheetos have an aura of danger which fuels their wild popularitywith kids. When it comes to addictivenes s and poor nutritional quality, Flaming Hot Cheetos is your snack. Im not saying Flamin Hot Cheetos is the worst snack ever, but it definitely isnt the healthiest. A serving or two is okay all now and again, but dont eat them every day.They affect your body more than you think. You might not see it now, but you will. I would recommend this snack to others to eat every once in a while, but I dont think anyone should eat them all the time. The calories and salt in this snack is outrageous. Watch out because it is a delicious and addictive snack. It might make you a victim of its tricky and surprising addiction. How do flamin hot Cheetos affect the body? Sierra branch 1st period declination 17, 2012 Work cited page www. cbsnews. com/ flamin-hot-cheetos-under-fire-from-schools/ fox4kc. com/ /report-flamin-hot-Cheetos-causing-some-panicked www. huffingtonpost. com/ /flamin-hot-cheetos-banned-california www. girlslife. com/ /Hands-off-Schools-ban-Flamin-Hot-Cheetos abcnews. go. com/ /sc hools-take-aim-at-popular-flamin-hot-cheetos/ www. webpronews. com/flamin-hot-cheetos-banned-from-schools-20 www. gurl. com/2012/10/18/flamin-hot-cheetos-addictive/ www. businessinsider. com/flamin-hot-cheetos-2012-10 www. foodfacts. com/NutritionFacts/ /Cheetos-Flamin-Hot

Analysis of the last scene in the play “The History Boys” Essay

Analysis of the last scene in the play The Hi myth BoysIntroduction scathing analysis of the last scene in the play The History Boys This condense captures the end of the play so well. The opening pedagogy gives the impression that the play is approach to an end. Irwin is presented in his wheelchair. This is a reminder that the auditory sense should not forget that Irwin had been involved in an accident. It is during the accident that he broke his legs. Presently, he cant walk. He can only use a wheelchair to move around. In the opening statement, we argon told that photographs of strong-arm as a young man were being displayed on the screen. Again, this is employ to emphasize the fact that he is not alive at present. The reference is made to recall what sort of a person ballyrag was when several(prenominal) photographs of him as a young man are flashed on the screen. The demise of push around is symbolically emphasized as well as by the song that the boys are interpret Bye Bye Blackbird. When they sing this song, it brings out a sad mood. The effects of the song cause melancholy to grip the interview as they are made to feel the deep absence of ballyrag. By extension, the song also helps bring the message of sympathy towards Irwin, who is in wheelchair. As the play in this extract begins, the Headmaster speaks about hector. He praises him as a person who loved language and a person who molded his students to understand literature and language. But the intonate that he uses captures his emotions has he remembers bullyrag. He seems to be in great pain and sadness because of strong-arms death. This is a great modal value of ending a play. It is worth showing the audience that the dead character had a significant contribution in the development of the story. In addition, flashing back connects the audience to the story in a solid manner. That is to say that the audience feels a part of everything that is happening in the play. In this case, when the Headmaster mentions Hectors past and how good he was, the audience feels the sadness that surrounds the fact that he died. Furthermore, the mood of sadness brought to the surface by the Headmaster is propagated by some of the students. However, these students recall Hector by the way he did his things and the way he talked. For instance, Timmssays that he never understood some of the things that Hector said. Lockwood himself thought that Hector was an extraordinary teacher. He jokingly says that he realized that Hector was a human being when he heard him complain of being a teacher in that drill. He had referred it as a godforsaken school. What Lockwood meant is that Hector loved to teach language and literature. He, therefore, didnt expect to hear him complain at all. However, this attitude of Lockwood paints a better picture of Hector to the audience with regard to how his students viewed his teaching. The past about Hector had its pitfalls. He messed severally and did some thin gs that his students cannot forget. Crowther says that he had done many unforgivable things. Perhaps this utterance refers to the time that Hector had been found fondling with a boy. This brought him out as a homosexual. According to Crowther, this act was abnormal and thus refers to it as unforgivable. It is important to mention that the tone with which Crowther utters this statement reveals distaste. He appears to consider developed a negative attitude on Hector perhaps on the grounds of his sexual orientation. He appears to feel less(prenominal) remorse for the fact that Hector is dead. He casually says, Even his death was a lesson and added to the store. This emphasizes the fact that he felt no sympathy upon Hectors death. For purposes of ending this play, it becomes important to know how some students felt about Hector. And the feelings of Crowther towards Hector cannot be ignored. Furthermore, the Mrs Lintott, the History teacher, has her comments about Hector. She says that Hector never bothered with what he taught. In other words, MrsLintott means that Hector cared less about what he taught. The tone in her voice betrays her attitude towards Hector. She seems to have been bothered by the way Hector had been teaching. However, she remarks that his students ended up taking different careers in life. She simply and casually says that some became solicitors, others chartered accountants, others teachers among others. The students take different paths in life because Hector had been influenced them think beyond just passing exams. It can be said that he had a great impact on the lives of his students. This recounting of the lives of the students is a good marker to show that the play is coming to an end. It is important for the audience to know the lives of the characters as influenced by Hector, who appears to be the center of this passage. His contribution is being recalled. Besides Mrs Lintott, students also take part in telling the audience what each o f them becomes at the end of the play. For instance, Timms says that one of the students became a tax lawyer. He supports the claims that Mrs Lintott is making that Hectors students succeeded in their lives. Dakin owns up to Timms claim to mean that he is the one being referred to as the tax lawyer. As the discussion proceeds, Mrs Lintott humorously says that Hector had referred Irwin as a journalist instead of a history teacher. This is because of the view that Hector had on the way Irwin taught his History lessons. He did not teach history as was sibyllic to be taught. Instead, he taught students how to critically analyze the past. It is a claim that Irwin himself admits with a sense of humor. This is a way of further remembering what kind of person Hector was. He had a very different approach in teaching from that of Irwin. This is a nice way of bringing the story to an end because the audience feels that Hector had a significant position in the lives of those who lived with him . Another positive impact of Hector in the lives of his students is illustrated by the mention of one of his students, Posner. Mrs Lintott humorously says that Posner remembers everything that he was taught by Hector in terms of language and literature. She supposedly says that Posner remembers the exact words of Hector. We find that this last part of the play is filled with what can be referred to as sweet memories of Hector. In the case of the Posner, there is a replica of Hector. Posner likes literature in the same manner that Hector did. He is ever present in the local library reading. This illustration is also contributing to a good ending of the story. It helps to further paint the picture of Hector. Finally, Hectors voice is used to utter the last words before the play ends. He is given this privilege to conclude what others have been implying about him. From the discussion held up by Mrs Lintott and others, we have realized that Hector was an exceptional person. To other tea chers, Hector had a different approach to teaching. The students also felt the same. They felt that he made them understand what they were acquire from a cramming point of view. However, they dont make bad comments on him. Instead, they praise him. He has had contributions in the success of his students. They passed their final exams and are all made people in life. This passage explicitly talks about Hector, the English teacher who is not alive at the moment. We gather that he had died earlier on in an accident. Being a passage that is ending the play, it effectively captures the attitudes of the rest of the characters about Hector. The language used portrays a mix of moods sadness and happiness. It is sad when everyone remembers the contributions that Hector had in the teaching fraternity and he is now dead. It portrays happiness when his sense of humor is recalled. In a nutshell, this passage is effective in the way it ends the play. The audience is left contemplating about Hec tor. It is nostalgic when his voice is given an opportunity to utter the last words before the end of the play.ReferencesBennett,A. (2004). The history boys. New York Faber and Faber.Source record

Cognitive Dissonance in Marital Satisfaction Essay

Most people get espouse because they love their partner. They like the way they are with each other, honest, loving, judgement, fun, etc. Some are arranged mating as they are unable to find the love of their life. However some get divorced as they are no longer compatible and they get turn kill very easily. They are foreclose and bored.For those who want to continue to stay in an wretched labor union collect to many reasons such as the kids, their reputation, family, etc. as an alternative to divorce provide ignore their getings and convince themselves that the marriage is working well. They break away to adopt a cheerful attitude. They offered patience and understanding to make it appear as if the marriage was happy.cognitive Dissonance is a feeling of discomfort caused by performing an action that is inconsistent with ones belief (Franzoi, 2009, p.162). Basically it is a disagreement between ones personal beliefs and ones actions. It is the difference between how they wo uld like to be and how they are.Cognitive variance is an aversive drive that causes people to (1) repeal opposing viewpoints, (2) seek reassurance after making a tough last, and (3) metamorphose private beliefs to match globe behavior when there is minimal justification for an action. Self-consistency, a sense of personal responsibility, or self-affirmation target formulate dissonance reduction. (Socio-psychological tradition) (Festinger, as cited in Griffin, 2011)How keep we observe cognitive dissonance in Marital expiation? In Marital Satisfaction, we can observe cognitive dissonance in 3 different areas Behavioural, mental & Emotional.Behavioural Observation There will be marital stress. They wear masks at home and they will feel exhausted as they struggle with their life. Their journey will be full with pain and grief. They puddle things are okay in their marriage when there is distance. They say nothing is wrong when their feelings are sincerely yours hurt. They don t necessarily lie to their spouse they just shade part of the truth. They dont feel comfortable being their true(a) self with their spouse because they are afraid of judgment or mockery.They will purchase self-help books, confessed their feelings to a marriage counsellor or friends that they can trust. They offer patience and understanding to the spouse to make it appear as if the marriage was happy. They will smile and put on a happy face especially in front of the children to avoid them from knowing but will let out their true feelings and cry it out at shadow. They will lay awake at night and try to rationalize things that they have done so that it is acceptable.Their physical health will be abnormal as they are facing with too much stress in their life. They too may fit in into problem as they seem to be lying to themselves. Even though cognitive dissonance can resolve internal anxiety, it can also reinforce future bad decisions or behaviours e.g. lying moral Observation The ir mind will be filled with thoughts of whether they are doing the right thing. They feel turned off with what they are doing. They could not be themselves and their anxiety in wanting to be themselves and do what they like to do increases. They have sleepless nights thinking the sacrifices that they have made to make others happy when they themselves are not happy..The dissonance caused by such contradictions will also create an unpleasant mental tension, which can range from minuscule irritation to deep pain as long as it continues. They are unable to relax and feel comfortable until they have been able to eliminate the dissonance or at least reduce it considerably. They can use Self-justification to escape from the discomfort. This is also a major threat to marital satisfaction because two partners tend to justify their behaviour in a way that allows them to be right while any explicitly or implicitly making their partner wrong.Emotional Observation They will be unhappy or sem i-happy. They are unwilling to admit their frustration, acknowledge their crumbling marriage and obtain a divorce due to their culture, religion or the children. They constantly experienced a lingering feeling of doubt more or less the relationship. With that, they endeavour to change their opinions to coincide with the behaviour they felt was expected of them and adopted a cheerful attitude towards their marriage to convince themselves that the marriage is working well.On the other hand, this can also make them become stronger in facing any challenges in their life. If they are optimistic, they will make the best of the marriage as the decision is in their hands. They are not able to be the person that they are but who they are power not be the best person. Cognitive dissonance can also reinforce future intimately decisions or behaviours e.g. more understanding, patient, increase communication between spouse, etc.Conclusion Successful marriage is not about getting their partner to do what they want its about being who they are. This aspect of cognitive dissonance isnt bad it can act as a motivation to be true to their deepest values, by making them behave in more loving and compassionate ways. It can help them change the unhealthy attitudes and behaviours.However, cognitive dissonance is most painful to people when some significant part of their beliefs about themselves is threatened. This usually occurs when they have done something that is inconsistent with their image of themselves. If a person has a fairly official self-concept, believing herself reasonably smart, competent, and moral, she will use self-justification as a way to preserve her confident(p) self-image.

Dangerous habits of drivers Essay

Driving a vehicle is a practiced matter and requires a great deal of responsibility. Poor tearaway(a) habits outhouse cause tragic liberation that could have been preventable. By taking a defensive approach to driving, we could ultimately save just aboutones life or help prevent an accident. To prevent accidents, drivers need to have a responsible locating and a level of maturity. Driving is a major part of life but some habits like, victimisation cell phones, speeding, and drinking and driving could be known as abusing the right of driving.Firstly, public lecture and texting while driving is a major addiction that could spark advance to accidents. People spend a big part of their twenty-four hours commuting many use this time to catch up on phone calls or move messages. Getting caught up in a conversation on a cell phone can lead to the blemish of focusing. It is hard to be aw atomic number 18 of two things at a time, but some wad dont realize this because of over confi dence. Texting while driving could in addition lead to loss of control on the car. This most likely happens when one is using both hands to text and is also looking down on the phone.If there is no control of the steering wheel by the driver, the consequences could lead to death. I myself was one of those drivers until my six-year-old son told me once mom you cant use your phone when you are in the car its not safe I was so embarrassed when I perceive his little voice. I asked my son where he had heard this and he said his teacher told them in class. I immediately apologized to my kids and told him he was right and I will no longer use my phone when Im in the car. There are so many applications for our smartphones that will help with the addiction to talking and texting while driving. Secondly, another bad habit is driving over the speed limit.There is always people running late for appointments, teen drivers who feel they have a great deal of experience stern the wheel, and driv ers with fast sports vehicles who think they have the right to go faster than everyone else. Speeding can cause a driver to receive a ticket, go to court, attend traffic school, and on top of all that, founder their insurance rates rise. If a driver gets several speeding tickets in a short heart of time, the DMV may suspend the license. When you speed, you have little time to react to unexpected situations. Other drivers have less time to react to your situation.

Economic Development in Urban Areas Essay

Many villagers and sm solely in tout ensemble t proclaim dwellers desire a living in queen-size cities. With some expectations, they make a movement from villages to big cities. This migration from rural aras to big cities is called urbanisation. There are devil kinds of factors why rural citizenry seek for urban life. The initiative one(a) is urban pull factor. They aspiration for higher wages, better housing and utilities, better school and hospital, much jobs opportunity, and more experience that they can sire it all from a living in big cities as they think. The second one is urban raise factor.We get that most(prenominal) of rural areas lot are farmers. Theres not much else to do anymore in the village but wait for harvest condemnation and without higher level of education, handiness of media, or facilities that they need, they might be stimulated to move to urban areas. But afterward they reached what they called their dreamland, most of them mustiness face more conundrums than what they had when they lived in villages. They allow face some problems because of their insufficient abilities, experience, education, and skills those are needed for a good living in big cities.For instance, they cant provide housing or possibly they cant find any job. And then they just stranded with the option of staying in cities or orgasm back home. As the result of urbanisation, cities have more problems to overcome such as pollution, overpopulation, do drugs abuse, congestion, crime, poverty, traffic jam, slum areas, and some more. There must be something to bring these problems. Government and citizens should be composite because taking sustainment of city problems cant be enduree entirely by government. The conjunction can be flat more successful because it deals directly with problem areas.As the solution to solve those problems government can provide housing, create a new regulation transmigration program, provide skills training program, or start to develop in rural areas. Beside that, citizens can help to succeed governments programs with bountiful charity, offering some good job to jobless people, becoming foster parents who subsidize the education pay for underprivileged children, or offering a low cost housing for homeless people. Last of all, urbanization not only impacts a better future than living in a village, but besides worse.Villagers must consider about their ability to deal with a living in problem-ridden city forrader they intend to move to big cities. Economic change has helped lead the States into urban crisis for the following reasons. start of all, because urban problems are no longer confined to the inner city, but are regional in nature. The federal government has, also, largely drawn from the urban policy arena, in that locationby having cities and sates to develop their own solutions to local anesthetic problems. Furthermore, the economy of cities is no longer organized around a central business district, but is dust throughout a metropolitan region.Next, the national economy has experienced a fundamental reorganization and many cities have experienced the direct effects of deindustrialization and disinvestments. Additionally, the fiscal crisis within the public sector is unprecedented and has hard negative effects for the provision of services at all levels of government. Finally, the nature of work itself has changed within cities as more women enter the labor market the changing nature of work has affected the urban family in many ways, many of which have direct ramifications for social welfare and family policies.There is a great get of inequality of income in some cities. Most of those who fall bellow the poverty line is African Americans and Hispanics. This is because they are placed in low paying jobs. As more and more people immigrate into the coun audition, there are less and less jobs to go around. This creates a larger poverty gap. People just coming here to America are placed in very low-income jobs. This is all they can get if they foundert speak any English. For example, here at Rider the cleaning people are all Spanish. They dont speak any English, and their job is to be the cleaning crew.These are the only types of jobs that these people can get most of the time, and this makes our percentage of people who are in poverty go up. some other problem that is contributing to the urban crisis is the rise of individual(a)-parent families and present-orientated values. The problem here is that the divorce rate in America is acquiring higher and higher, and also the amount of children being had out of marriage is greatly increasing also. This creates one parent raising a child. The problem here is that there is no proper care for children in this billet.The parent has too much responsibility. They are to provide for the family, as well as adequately care for their children. When the single parent has to go to work, to get mone y to pay for a place to live, food, and clothing, there leaves no time to watch and hold in care of the children, meaning children are left to take care of themselves after school is over and this result in a lot of problems for the communities. These children cause trouble. They are the ones who commit most crimes in an urban environment. This is why in an urban city there is a lot more crime.There are a lot of children left unsupervised for most of the day and night. Another problem is the ethnic tensions that there are in America. There are many things that are wrong with this. The first problem is that because of racism, people are secluded. They are pushed to all live together, because people dont want to live next to them. This is how a ghetto is started, and slums. All the people of low incomes live in the same resemblance together. They also contain the high crime rates because these are the people who are also of single parent families and their children are left unsuperv ised.Another problem with racism is that people are given overturn paying jobs because of their race, and also, they arent able to have to same amount of experience as other people. They dont go to as good of schools, and they then might not be able to go to college, so they are stuck. They can only get a low paying job. This creates families to be stuck in poverty for generations, they can never get out, unless with government assistance of some sort. Then this makes the inner cities all full of low-income families, and creates a poverty stricken area that cannot be fixed in any way.If there were more integration within neighborhoods, then we wouldnt have these areas. Another reason why urban America is in crisis is because of the underground urban economy. This also causes a lot of crime in urban cities. The people in these cities who are poor, and are trying to find a way out, usually try by doing something illegal. A big example of this is drug sale. People start selling drugs to get money. This creates a lot of problems. The selling of illegal materials results in murders, and robberies, to either get the drugs, pay for the drugs, or avoid getting caught selling them.Another example of this is people stealing things, like car parts, and selling it on the pitch-black market. All of these illegal acts always result in something that makes the cities look worse and worse to live in. I know that when I go into Little Rock I am really afraid, because I know that there is a really high amount of crime there, and I am always persuasion that someone is going to try to shoot me for my car, rob a store that I am in, or something else. Stereotypes of cities are easily created, and this doesnt help the situation. Also, the advancement in technology has lead many people to be left without jobs.This technology had created more unskilled labor, and putted skilled labor to a minimum. People, who had been specialists at doing reliable skilled work, are constantly being replaced by machines that can do the same work smart and cheaper. This creates a huge economy gap. It makes the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, by giving all the money from the profit of sales to the company owners, rather than to employees. So, the people who were already well off, have even more money, and those people who were middle class citizens are now jobless, and can not afford to take care of their families.The problem here is obvious, the more jobs that are lost because people are replaced by machines, the greater the amount of people who become in poverty. The numbers keep increasing. The UNFPA report we are launching directly is of great importance and very timely unleashing the potential of urban growth, as the reports subtitle indicates, represents the greatest challenge of this century. The diagnosis made in the report is beyond dispute urbanization is inevitable, but it can also be positive. Furthermore, the report focuses on poverty since it is poor peo ple who will make up a large part of future growth.The report also focuses on the situation of women and youth people. Projections suggest that in 2030, 60% of the population will be less than 18 age old. This is a very explosive situation if prevailing development models continue to exclude young people. My own research in various African capitals indicates a clear deterioration in the situation of young people, particularly with respect to access to paid employment. Younger people are taking more time than previous generations to find work and more often find themselves in precarious jobs in the promiscuous sector.A society that does not provide challenging opportunities to its youth is a failed society. The situation is already blasting in the cities of the poor regions of the world and it is obvious that young people will not accept being excluded or marginalized. They will resort to alternative means, including violence, to challenge a world that leaves them so little space. I would suggest that this is urbanizations greatest challenge is giving young people access to flop jobs that match their aspirations. In short, we must recognize the great merit of this report, which identifies the real problems and makes an extremely valid diagnosis.

Music Therapy Essay

unison therapy is the using up of melody by health make out professionals to promote better and enhance quality of life for their patients. harmony therapy may be apply to upgrade emotional expression, promote social interaction, relieve symptoms, and for former(a) purposes. Music therapists may use active or passive methods with patients, depending on the individual patients needs and abilities. The idea of medical specialty as a healing influence which could affect health and behavior is as least as old as the writings of Aristotle and Plato. Native Ameri rumps and otherwise indigenous groups have used symphony to enhance traditional healing practices for centuries. Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have used unison for healing. Traditional ragas (melodic modes used in classical melody in India) have also been used to create different states of mind for healing.The twentieth century profession form every last(predicate)y began after World War I and World War II when community euphonyians of all types, both amateur and professional, went to Veterans hospitals around the country to play for the thousands of veterans suffering both corporeal and emotional trauma from the wars. The patients notable physical and emotional responses to unison led the doctors and nurses to request the hiring of musicians by the hospitals. It was currently evident that the hospital musicians needed some prior training before entering the facility and so the demand grew for a college curriculum. A very brief historical glimpse of this fascinating profession follows, below. The earliest known reference to music therapy come forthed in 1789 in an unsigned article in Columbian snip titled Music Physically Considered. In the early 1800s, writings on the therapeutic value of music appeared in two medical dissertations, the first published by Edwin Atlee (1804) and the second by Samuel Mathews (1806).Atlee and Mathews were both students of Dr. benzoin Rush, a physician and psychiatrist who was a strong proponent of using music to treat medical diseases. The 1800s also saw the first recorded music therapy intervention in an institutional setting (Blackwells Island in New York) as well as the first recorded systematic experiment in music therapy (Cornings use of music to alter dream states during psychotherapy). Early associations with the interest in music therapy continued to gain support during the early 1900s leading to the formation of severalshort-lived associations. In 1903, Eva capital of Maine Vescelius represented the case Society of melodious Therapeutics. In 1926, Isa Maud Ilsen founded the National Association for Music in Hospitals. And in 1941, Harriet Ayer Seymour founded the National Foundation of Music Therapy.Although these organizations contributed the first journals, books, and educational courses on music therapy, they unfortunately were not able to mystify an organized clinical profession. In the 1940s, three pe rsons began to emerge as innovators and key players in the development of music therapy as an organized clinical profession. Psychiatrist and music therapist Ira Altshuler, MD promoted music therapy in air mile for three decades. Willem van de Wall pioneered the use of music therapy in state-funded facilities and wrote the first how to music therapy text, Music in Institutions (1936). E. Thayer Gaston, known as the father of music therapy, was instrumental in moving the profession off in terms of an organizational and educational standpoint. The first music therapy college training programs were also created in the 1940s.Michigan State University established the first academic program in music therapy (1944) and other universities followed suit, including the University of Kansas, Chicago Musical College, College of the Pacific, and Alverno College. I was going to pick a few of these and talk about them but, all in all, music therapy helps so many stack that I will talk about the overall outcome of what music therapy does for everyone I have listed Children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly with mental health needs, developmental and learning disabilities, Alzheimers disease and other aging related conditions, substance abuse problems, encephalon injuries, physical disabilities, and acute and chronic pain, including mothers in labor, positively charged soldiers with PTSD. Scientific studies have shown the value of music therapy on the body, mind, and spirit of children and adults.Researchers have found that music therapy, when used with anti-nausea drugs for patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy, can help ease nausea and vomiting. A number of clinical tests have shown the benefit of music therapy for short-term pain, including pain from cancer. Some studies have suggested that music may help decrease the overall warmth of the patients experience of pain when used with pain-relieving drugs. Music therapy can also result in decreased need for pain medicine in some patients, although studies on this topic have shown intricate results. In hospice patients, one study found that music therapy improved comfort, relaxation, and pain control. Another study found that quality of life improved in cancer patients who received music therapy, thus far as it declined in those who did not. No differences were seen in survival between the 2 groups.A to a greater extent recent clinical trial looked at the effects of music during the course of several weeks of radiation treatments. The researchers found that while emotional hurt (such as anxiety) seemed to be helped at the beginning of treatment, the patients reported that this effect gradually decreased. Music did not appear to help such symptoms as pain, fatigue, and depression over the long term. other clinical trials have revealed a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, insomnia, depression, and anxiety with music therapy. No one knows all the ways music can benefit the body, but studies have shown that music can affect brain waves, brain circulation, and stress hormones. These effects are usually seen during and shortly after the music therapy. Studies have shown that students who defend music lessons have improved IQ levels, and show improvement in nonmusical abilities as well. Other studies have shown that listening to music composed by Mozart produces a short-term improvement in tasks that use spatial abilities.Studies of brain circulation have shown that people listening to Mozart have more activity in authoritative areas of the brain. This has been called the Mozart effect. Although the reasons for this effect are not completely clear, this kind of information supports the idea that music can be used in many helpful ways. Music affects people in ways that no other art or therapy can match it distracts the mind, slows the bodys rhythms, alters moods, and influences behavior. It seems that music holds universal appeal and provides a bridg e in a non-threatening setting between people and individuals within their environment. It facilitates relationships, learning, self-expression and communication. Music captures and helps maintain attention, it is highly-motivating and can be used as a natural fortifier for desired responses. Music therapy can enable people without verbal communication to communicate, participate and express themselves nonverbally. It also assists in the development of verbal communication, speech, and language skills.Music provides concrete, multi-layer/sensory stimulation, in visual, tactile, vestibular, and auditory. Researchers have shown that the power of rhythmic drumming helpsthose with motor control illnesses, such as Parkinsons disease. In that it uses regular tempo and rhythms to overcome their fast, slow and sometimes frozen moments. Using music in labor and delivery, helps the mother with improved abilities to walk and decreased pain in labor. In children fighting cancer exposed to sing ing showed an increase of the antibody IgA a key component in touch on immune system that helps the body fight the disease. For those with profound cognitive impairments, autism, and mental and physical disabilities, their brains respond more easily to music therapy than to speech. When in tachycardia, cardiac patients were able to reduce their heart rates to 50-60 beats per piece when listening to music that was exactly 50-60 beats a minute.Mentally handicapped children participating in music therapy programs has increased concentration, performance, self-control, and improved speech. For chronic pain patients, bringing into resonance the vibrations of pain with the vibrations of music alters the psychological intelligence of pain even altering the pain or eliminating it. Increasing brainwaves has proven trenchant for people with minimal brain dysfunction and ADD, and various other learning disabilities. Slowing down the brainwaves has shown to help patients get to sleep, re lax, find passion and happiness. The king of music to change our mood seems to be related to the production of different chemicals in the brain. Endorphins triggered by music listening and music-making provide a kind of natural pain relief, where dopamine leads to feelings of buoyancy, optimism, energy and power. Impacts are even more potent for group music-making, because shared, positive experiences also release oxytocin, a brain tool for build trust.In this way, musical relationships develop encouraging non-verbal and emotional expression and building self-esteem, motivation and confidence. Symposium organizer Gabe Turow, a visiting scholar at the time in Stanfords Department of Music, compared the effects of music therapy to pickings medication. We may be sitting on one of the most widely available and cost effective therapeutic modalities that has ever existed, he also stated Systematically, this could be like taking a pill. listen to music seems to be able to change brain f unctioning to the same extent as medications, in many circumstances.

Mark Prior

Luck has had little to do with Mark introductorys success as a ballplayer. It was his dedication andtalent that landed prior in the major leagues and perhaps a lack of luck that attri provideded to the right-handed pitcher being sidelined during the peak of his career. But at age 26, preliminary is optimistic ofa come tail.When anterior debuted with the scratch Cubs on whitethorn 22, 2002, he was zippo short ofimpressive which should have been expected considering he was the second overall pick in thedraft. His platter earned him all-star status as he was chosen to play in the 2003 All-Star game in save his first full season in the major leagues.Priors pitching technique seemed perfect and was considered a combination of the styles ofGreg Maddox and Roger Clemens. His first full season with the Chicago Cubs ranked him thirdin the content Leagues Cy Young Award voting with a record of 18 wins and only sestet losses.Prior became well known for his 90-plus mph fastball, curve ball, slurveball and changeup.But freak accidents and injuries began to disrupt his career in the making. numerous stints onthe disabled list and now an entire season on hold to recuperate from raise surgery havemany questioning the future of the once valued Cubs pitcher.Born September 7, 1980, Prior attended University of San Diego High School where heexcelled on the ball field. As a 1998 graduate, he had a 0.93 earned run average. Prior was thendrafted by the New York Yankees in the amateur draft but a contract was never negotiated andsigned.He began his college education at Vanderbilt University, the same school his father attended.During his second-year year, Prior transferred to the University of Southern California (USC).There he was honored as one of the best collegiate athletes in the country.Prior pitched for USC for two seasons and earned numerous awards including seven nationalPlayer of the socio-economic class awards. As a junior, his record was 15-1 with six complet e games and tierceshutouts. His ERA was 1.69. He earned the honored Golden Spikes Award. He also led theteam to the 2000 College World Series.Prior entered the draft again and this judgment of conviction he was chosen as the second pick overall in thedraft. As he concentrated on his baseball career and the hope of one day being called up to playfor the Chicago Cubs, Prior continued his college education on a part-time basis and eventuallyearned a business degree in 2004 from the USC Marshall School of Business.In 2003, his first full season as a pitcher for the Cubs, his talent was obvious as he tallied an18-6 win-lose record despite missing three starts due to an injury.Prior was injured when hecollided on the field with the Atlanta Braves second baseman Marcus Giles. Both Prior and Gileswere scheduled to play in the 2003 All-Star Game but missed due to their injuries.Prior was voted Player of the month in August and September. He went on to earn a 10-1record as the Cubs made t heir path into the playoffs. That led to the infamous fan interferenceincident in which Steve Bartman caught a fly ball turn over into the stands that could have easily beencaught by the Cubs outfielder. The Cubs ended up losing the game and Prior suffered through theloss.In 2004, Prior missed the first two months of the season with an Achilles tendon injury.Although rumors surfaced that Prior needed reconstructive elbow surgery, he returned to themound with a less than stellar performance with six wins and four losses and an ERA of 4.02. over again in 2005, Prior started the season on the disabled list. He returned and was pitching upto par until May 27th when another misfortune came his way.Prior was pitching to Brad Hawpe, an old rival from LSU who hit a three-run homerun offPrior in the College World Series. As they faced off in the major leagues, Hawpe cut a pitchand sent a 117 mph line drive back to Prior, hitting him in the right elbow and devoteting him on thedisabled li st with a compression fracture. Prior washed-up the season 11-7 in 27 starts.During spring training the following year, Prior began to feel a grimness in his throwingshoulder.He was put on a slow pitch program and sent for tests that revealed he had a strainedshoulder. He was put on the disabled list for 15 days in March missing the start of the 2006season. When he returned, he gave up six runs to the Detroit Tigers in the first inning. He wenton to earn a devastating 0-4 record with a 7.71 ERA and was once again put on the disabled listafter straining his left oblique during batting practice. He returned to the minor leagues and threegames later, Prior earned his first win of the year against the Pittsburgh Pirates.By August of 2006, he was back on the disabled list with tendonitis for the remainder of theseason. His record was 1-6 and ERA was a high 7.21.During the off-season, he complained of a loose shoulder and when conditioning did notimprove the situation, Prior sought med ical intervention and discovered he would need arthroscopicsurgery on his right shoulder.In April, Prior underwent surgery and it was undefeated but put an early end to the 2007season before it even began for him. Because of his age, doctors see no understanding Prior cannotreturn to pitching in 2007.RESOURCESMLB Advanced Media, LP (2001-2007) Chicago Cubs. Retrieved May 8, 2007 from http//chicago.cubs.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=407578

Criminological Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

criminological Theory - Term Paper ExampleReason for such(prenominal) division of ideas is attributed to the increasing crimes committed these eld by hard criminals, gangs and even ordinary teenagers. In the United States, more than 1.4 million cases accounted for violent crimes and roughly 15,500 homicides were reported (Schaefer, 2006). History has it that several prominent people like prexy James Garfield, President William McKinley, and President John Kennedy were all assassinated by criminals hired or not. Actors, actresses, singers and other talented individuals were also their blue targets. The irony of being killed and to kill is that it does not select victims. Even teenager these days atomic number 18 cogitate in killing innocent victims of their age. Recently, several mass shootings took place in workplaces and schooldayss. The massacre in Littleton, conscientious objector in 1999, in Virginia Tech University with almost 50 victims and in Omaha Westwood Mall shock ed a mass of the American population. Such incidences created various reactions and notions on crime, criminals involved, and punishments accorded them. To understand criminal events, the following questions be addressed 1. What are the causes of school shootings? 2. How theories are utilized to predict and prevent the likelihood of similar crime to occur in the future? 3. What are the recommended penalties for the criminals involved in the crime? Body Etiology Crimes happen if criminal laws are violated and that it needs for that act to be penalized. School shootings are a form of crime olibanum involved teenagers should be held liable for their actions whatever reasons triggered them to do so. Since school shootings became common in the United States, experts lower to identify causative factors in the commission of the crime. Accordingly, they believe that one reason is the role of popular Medias such as television, films, video games, and comic books. These kinds of exposure to children and teenagers have a great impact on how they carry on within the society. The study of Buckingham (2000) supports such idea in arguing that the media provides a negative influence on children. He further explained that children are no longer protected from the violent world of adults. Gone are the days where films are not as violent these days. It is a common knowledge that modern films forthwith are full of shootings, murders, rape scenes, and other violent scenarios which in turn influence the behavior of children to get under ones skin aggressive. More so if the shooting is carried out by the main character of the film. The portrayed character is past executed by children either to their family, friends or classmates in school. Children become active agents rather than victims (Chandler, 2004). Although some state those video games makes the mind of children alert and improves visual attention, not everybody agrees to it. Experts say that such advantages are out weighed with the negative cause it gives the children. Not only video games play a role in obesity, inattentiveness in school and poor performance but it is implicated in aggressive thoughts and feelings. Video games are good teachers consequently children can learn from them easily. The study of Gentile (2009) reveals those teenagers who are exposed to violent video games show desensitisation of emotions. This is because they are already used to the violent scenes in